PAT甲级——A1012 The Best Rank

To evaluate the performance of our first year CS majored students, we consider their grades of three courses only: C - C Programming Language, M - Mathematics (Calculus or Linear Algrbra), and E - English. At the mean time, we encourage students by emphasizing on their best ranks -- that is, among the four ranks with respect to the three courses and the average grade, we print the best rank for each student.

For example, The grades of C, M, E and A - Average of 4 students are given as the following:

StudentID  C  M  E  A
310101     98 85 88 90
310102     70 95 88 84
310103     82 87 94 88
310104     91 91 91 91

Then the best ranks for all the students are No.1 since the 1st one has done the best in C Programming Language, while the 2nd one in Mathematics, the 3rd one in English, and the last one in average.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a line containing 2 numbers N and M (≤), which are the total number of students, and the number of students who would check their ranks, respectively. Then N lines follow, each contains a student ID which is a string of 6 digits, followed by the three integer grades (in the range of [0, 100]) of that student in the order of C, M and E. Then there are M lines, each containing a student ID.

Output Specification:

For each of the M students, print in one line the best rank for him/her, and the symbol of the corresponding rank, separated by a space.

The priorities of the ranking methods are ordered as A > C > M > E. Hence if there are two or more ways for a student to obtain the same best rank, output the one with the highest priority.

If a student is not on the grading list, simply output N/A.

Sample Input:

5 6
310101 98 85 88
310102 70 95 88
310103 82 87 94
310104 91 91 91
310105 85 90 90
310101
310102
310103
310104
310105
999999

Sample Output:

1 C
1 M
1 E
1 A
3 A
N/A

完了，英文不好会死人呀，看了别人的解释才知道，是找出每个学生在A,C,M,E中的最好排名
如果在A、C、M、E排序过程中遇到同样的分数，需要有相同的排名，
比如在A这一科上5个人的成绩分别是100,90,90,88,87的话，排名应该是1,2,2,4,5，
这一点需要格外留意，不然没有办法通过所有测试。

#include <iostream>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
using namespace std;


struct Data
{
    string No;
    int num;
    int rank;
};

int main()
{
    int N, M;
    cin >> N >> M;
    vector<Data>nums[4];//A C M E
    unordered_map <string, int>name;//用于学号查找
    for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
    {
        string No;
        int c, m, e;
        cin >> No >> c >> m >> e;
        name[No]++;
        nums[0].push_back({ No,(c + m + e) / 3,1 });
        nums[1].push_back({ No,c,1 });
        nums[2].push_back({ No,m,1 });
        nums[3].push_back({ No,e,1 });
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
    {
        sort(nums[i].begin(), nums[i].end(), [](Data d1, Data d2) {return d1.num > d2.num; });
        for (int j = 1; j < nums[i].size(); ++j)
        {
            if (nums[i][j].num == nums[i][j - 1].num)//处理相同分数
                nums[i][j].rank = nums[i][j - 1].rank;
            else
                nums[i][j].rank = j + 1;//要跳过相同排名
        }
    }
    
    for (int j = 0; j < M; ++j)
    {
        string No;
        cin >> No;
        int a, c, m, e;
        if (name[No] == 0)
            cout << "N/A" << endl;
        else
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < name.size(); ++i)
            {
                if (nums[0][i].No == No)    a = nums[0][i].rank;
                if (nums[1][i].No == No)    c = nums[1][i].rank;
                if (nums[2][i].No == No)    m = nums[2][i].rank;
                if (nums[3][i].No == No)    e = nums[3][i].rank;
            }            
            if (a <= c && a <= m && a <= e)                cout << a << " " << "A" << endl;
            else if (c <= a && c <= m && c <= e)        cout << c << " " << "C" << endl;
            else if (m <= a && m <= c && m <= e)        cout << m << " " << "M" << endl;
            else    cout << e << " " << "E" << endl;        
        }
    }
    return 0;
}