视图
负责接收请求和返回响应
FBV和CBV
-
FBV
FBV（function base views） 就是在视图里使用函数处理请求。
/[project name]/urls.py1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 from django.contrib import admin 3 4 from test_app import views 5 urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r'^test/', views.test), 7 ]
/[app name]/views.py1 from django.shortcuts import render 2 3 4 def test(request): 5 if (request.method == 'POST'): 6 ... # do something 7 else: 8 ... # do something
-
CBV
CBV（class base views） 就是在视图里使用类处理请求。
/[project name]/urls.py1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 from django.contrib import admin 3 4 from test_app import views 5 urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r'^test/', views.Test.as_view()), 7 ]
/[app name]/views.py1 from django.shortcuts import render 2 from django.views import View 3 4 5 class Test(View): 6 def get(self, request): 7 ... # do something 8 9 def post(self, request): 10 ... # do something
request
1. request.method # 获取请求的方法（GET、POST等） 2. request.GET # 通常用来获取URL里面的参数 3. request.POST # 用来获取POST提交过来的数据 4. request.path_info # 获取用户请求的路径(不包含IP和端口和URL参数) 5. request.body # 获取请求正文
response
1. HttpResponse # 返回字符串内容 2. render # 渲染并返回html页面 3. redirect # 返回一个重定向 4. JsonResponse # 将对象序列化成Json格式字符串并返回
路由
格式
from django.conf.urls import url urlpatterns = [ url([正则], [视图函数]，[参数]，name=[别名]), ] # 注意:Django 2.0中有所不同,如下:
from django.urls import path urlpatterns = [ path([正则], [视图函数]，[参数]，name=[别名]), ]
分组匹配
-
位置匹配
/[project name]/urls.py1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 3 from test_app import views 4 urlpatterns = [ 5 url(r'^test/([a-zA-z]+)/([0-9]{1,2})', views.Test.as_view()), 6 ]
/[app name]/views.py1 from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse 2 from django.views import View 3 4 5 class Test(View): 6 def get(self, request, name, age): 7 resp_str = '姓名:{} 年龄:{}'.format(name,age) 8 return HttpResponse(resp_str)
result
-
命名匹配
/[project name]/urls.py1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 3 from test_app import views 4 urlpatterns = [ 5 url(r'^test/(?P<name>[a-zA-z]+)/(?P<age>[0-9]{1,2})/', views.Test.as_view()), 6 ]
/[app name]/views.py1 from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse 2 from django.views import View 3 4 5 class Test(View): 6 def get(self, request, age, name): 7 resp_str = '姓名:{} 年龄:{}'.format(name,age) 8 return HttpResponse(resp_str)
result
include
可以让路由信息保存在多个文件中
1 from django.conf.urls import url,include 2 3 urlpatterns = [ 4 url(r'^test_app/',include('test_app.urls')) 5 ]
1 from django.conf.urls import url, include 2 3 from . import views 4 5 urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r'^test', views.Test.as_view()) 7 ]
上述配置对应的地址就是： http://localhost:8000/test_app/test
URL命名&反向解析
1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 from test_app import views 3 4 5 urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r'^test/([a-zA-Z]+)/([0-9]{1,2})', views.Test.as_view(), name='test_name') 7 ]
1 from django.shortcuts import render 2 from django.views import View 3 from django.urls import reverse 4 5 6 class Test(View): 7 def get(self, request, name, age): 8 request_url = reverse('test_name',args=(name,age)) 9 reverse_url = reverse('test_name',args=('zhangsan',20)) 10 return render(request, 'test.html', {'request_url':request_url,'reverse_url': reverse_url})
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>test</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 请求的URL: 9 <br> 10 {{ request_url }} 11 <hr> 12 视图中解析：<br> 13 {{ reverse_url }} 14 <hr> 15 模板中解析：<br> 16 {% url 'test_name' 'zhangsan' 19 %} 17 </body> 18 </html>
补充
APPEND_SLASH
settings.py配置文件中默认没有 APPEND_SLASH这个项，但Django默认这个参数为 APPEND_SLASH = True。 作用就是自动在网址结尾加'/'。（测试不生效注意清理历史缓存）
给视图传递额外参数
1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 from test_app import views 3 4 urlpatterns = [ 5 url(r'^test/([a-zA-Z]+)/([0-9]{1,2})', views.Test.as_view(), {'sex': 'male'}) 6 ]
1 from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse 2 from django.views import View 3 4 5 class Test(View): 6 def get(self, request, age, name,sex): 7 resp_str = '姓名:{} 年龄:{} 性别:{}'.format(name,age,sex) 8 return HttpResponse(resp_str)
路由中的namespace
用于区分多个app中name相同的url
1 from django.conf.urls import url, include 2 from test_app import views 3 4 urlpatterns = [ 5 url(r'^test/',views.Test.as_view()), 6 url(r'^test_app1/', include('test_app1.urls', namespace='app1')), 7 url(r'^test_app2/', include('test_app2.urls', namespace='app2')), 8 ]
1 from django.shortcuts import render 2 from django.views import View 3 from django.urls import reverse 4 5 6 class Test(View): 7 def get(self, request): 8 app1_url = reverse('app1:same_name', args=('zhangsan', 19)) 9 app2_url = reverse('app2:same_name', args=('lisi', 20)) 10 return render(request, 'test.html', {'app1_url': app1_url, 'app2_url': app2_url})
1 from django.conf.urls import url, include 2 3 from . import views 4 5 urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r'^test/([a-zA-Z]+)/([0-9]{1,2})', views.Test.as_view(), name='same_name') 7 ]
1 from django.conf.urls import url, include 2 3 from . import views 4 5 urlpatterns = [ 6 url(r'^test/([a-zA-Z]+)/([0-9]{1,2})', views.Test.as_view(), name='same_name') 7 ]
1 <!DOCTYPE html> 2 <html lang="en"> 3 <head> 4 <meta charset="UTF-8"> 5 <title>test</title> 6 </head> 7 <body> 8 视图中使用 9 <br> 10 {{ app1_url }} 11 <br> 12 {{ app2_url }} 13 <hr> 14 模板中使用 15 <br> 16 {% url 'app1:same_name' 'zhangsan' 19%} 17 <br> 18 {% url 'app2:same_name' 'lisi' 20 %} 19 </body> 20 </html>
路由分发
路由可以以以下格式多级分发：
1 from django.conf.urls import url 2 from img_upload import views 3 4 urlpatterns = [ 5 url(r'^user/', [( 6 url(r'^add/', views.add), # host:port/user/add/ 7 url(r'^list/', views.list) # host:port/user/list/ 8 ), None, None]), 9 ]