"请结合【DRF序列化】此文献中的数据文件及序列化文件来阅读如下代码.
DRF视图为我们提供了非常简便的方法——内置了增删改查等一系列的操作.
我们只需在url中指定对应的方法，视图继承内置方法的类，即可实现两三行代码搞定一个请求.
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目录
我们先看看仿照内置方法实现的
APIView视图文件：
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
""" ===================== 一层封装 ===================== """
class GenericAPIView(APIView):
queryset = None
serializer_class = None
def get_queryset(self):
"""用于获取queryset的方法"""
return self.queryset.all()
def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""用于调用序列化类的方法"""
return self.serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)
class ListModelMixin():
"""用于返回get请求所有数据的数据"""
def list(self, request):
queryset = self.get_queryset() # self调用的方法(get_queryset)是从执行此方法(list)的当前对象的类中开始找
ser_obj = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True) # 原理同上句话
return Response(ser_obj.data)
class CreateModelMixin():
"""用于处理post请求发来的数据"""
def create(self, request):
ser_obj = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.validated_data)
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
class RetrieveModelMixin():
"""用于返回get请求查询单条数据方法"""
def retrieve(self, request, id):
book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
ser_obj = self.get_serializer(book_obj)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
class UpdateModelMixin():
"""用于处理put请求发来的数据(更新数据)"""
def update(self, request, id):
book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
ser_obj = self.get_serializer(instance=book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.validated_data)
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
class DestroyModelMixin():
"""用于删除单条数据"""
def destroy(self, request, id):
book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
if book_obj:
book_obj.delete()
return Response('')
return Response('The deleted object does not exist.')
""" ===================== 二层封装 ===================== """
class ListCreateAPIView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
pass
class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
pass
视图文件：
from .custom_mixin import ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView # 导入上述的APIView视图文件
from DRFView import models
from .serializers import BookSerializer # 导入自定义的序列化文件
class Book(ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all() # 坑：这里的queryset只是放到缓存里了，再次取时还需要用.all()方法
serializer_class = BookSerializer
def get(self, request):
return self.list(request)
def post(self, request):
return self.create(request)
class BookEdit(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
def get(self, request, id):
return self.retrieve(request, id)
def put(self, request, id):
return self.update(request, id)
def delete(self, request, id):
return self.destroy(request, id)
改进版
urls.py文件：
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^book/$', BookModel.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
url(r'^book/(?P<id>d+)/$', BookModelView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),
]
"""
注意as_view的传参：
as_view({"请求方式": "调用的方法"}, {...})
指定请求方式调用的方法后，框架会为我们自动执行其方法，无需在CBV中写请求的方法了.
"""
APIView视图文件：
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin # 导入DRF封装好的APIView
""" ===================== 第一层封装 ===================== """
class GenericAPIView(APIView):
queryset = None
serializer_class = None
def get_queryset(self):
"""用于获取queryset的方法"""
return self.queryset.all()
def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""用于调用序列化类的方法"""
return self.serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)
class ListModelMixin():
"""用于返回get请求所有数据的数据"""
def list(self, request):
queryset = self.get_queryset() # self调用的方法(get_queryset)是从执行此方法(list)的当前对象的类中开始找
ser_obj = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True) # 原理同上句话
return Response(ser_obj.data)
class CreateModelMixin():
"""用于处理post请求发来的数据"""
def create(self, request):
ser_obj = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.validated_data)
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
class RetrieveModelMixin():
"""用于返回get请求查询单条数据方法"""
def retrieve(self, request, id):
book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
ser_obj = self.get_serializer(book_obj)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
class UpdateModelMixin():
"""用于处理put请求发来的数据(更新数据)"""
def update(self, request, id):
book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
ser_obj = self.get_serializer(instance=book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.validated_data)
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
class DestroyModelMixin():
"""用于删除单条数据"""
def destroy(self, request, id):
book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
if book_obj:
book_obj.delete()
return Response('')
return Response('The deleted object does not exist.')
""" ===================== 第二层封装 ===================== """
class ListCreateAPIView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
pass
class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
pass
""" ===================== 第三层封装 ===================== """
class ModelViewSet(ViewSetMixin, ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
# ViewSetMixin重写了as_view方法，即可以传参了.
pass
视图文件：
from .custom_mixin import ModelViewSet # 导入上述的APIView视图文件
from DRFView import models
from .serializers import BookSerializer # 导入自定义的序列化文件
class BookModel(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
# 坑：这里的queryset只是放到缓存里了，再次取时还需要用.all()方法
# queryset是框架能识别的，会把数据放到缓存中，如果该成其它的名字则不会缓存(比如query)，即再此取数据时不能加.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
class BookModelView(ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
接下来，我们再来看看DRF为我们封装好了的APIView用法。
开始使用内置视图
第一步 按照框架的要求写url
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^book/$', BookModel.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})), # 按照APIView的要求，这里必须写为pk，而不能写id url(r'^book/(?P<pk>d+)/$', BookModelView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})), ] """ 注意as_view的传参： as_view({"请求方式": "调用的方法"}, {...}) 指定请求方式调用的方法后，无需在CBV中写请求的方法了. """
第二步 写视图文件
from DRFView import models from .serializers import BookSerializer # 导入自定义的序列化文件 from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet # 导入DRF封装好的APIView class BookModel(ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer class BookModelView(ModelViewSet): queryset = models.Book.objects.all() serializer_class = BookSerializer
如上步骤，我们的视图只要写两行就可以了.
关于DRF视图源码解析，推荐参考此文献：https://www.cnblogs.com/GGGG-XXXX/articles/9675911.html
继承顺序图解：
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