实验十七 线程同步控制
实验时间 2018-12-10
一、理论知识部分：
⚫ 线程同步
（1）多线程并发运行不确定性问题解决方案：引入线 程同步机制，使得另一线程要使用该方法，就只 能等待
（2）在Java中解决多线程同步问题的方法有两种：
解决方案一：锁对象与条件对象
用ReentrantLock保护代码块的基本结构如下： myLock.lock();
try { critical section }
finally{ myLock.unlock(); }
（3）解决方案二： synchronized关键字
synchronized关键字作用： ➢ 某个类内方法用synchronized 修饰后，该方 法被称为同步方法；
➢ 只要某个线程正在访问同步方法，其他线程欲要访问同步方法就被阻塞，直至线程从同步方法返回前唤醒被阻塞线程，其他线程方可能进入同步方法。
（4）在同步方法中使用wait()、notify 和notifyAll()方法
一个线程在使用的同步方法中时，可能根据问题 的需要，必须使用wait()方法使本线程等待，暂 时让出CPU的使用权，并允许其它线程使用这个 同步方法。
线程如果用完同步方法，应当执行notifyAll()方 法通知所有由于使用这个同步方法而处于等待的 线程结束等待。
二 实验部分
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握线程同步的概念及实现技术；
(2) 线程综合编程练习
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1：测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1：
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材651页程序14-7，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握利用锁对象和条件对象实现的多线程同步技术。
package synch; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.locks.*; /** * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses locks for serializing access. * @version 1.30 2004-08-01 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class Bank { private final double[] accounts; private Lock bankLock; private Condition sufficientFunds; /** * Constructs the bank. * @param n the number of accounts * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account */ public Bank(int n, double initialBalance) { accounts = new double[n]; Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance); bankLock = new ReentrantLock(); sufficientFunds = bankLock.newCondition(); } /** * Transfers money from one account to another. * @param from the account to transfer from * @param to the account to transfer to * @param amount the amount to transfer */ public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException { bankLock.lock(); try { while (accounts[from] < amount) sufficientFunds.await(); System.out.print(Thread.currentThread()); accounts[from] -= amount; System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to); accounts[to] += amount; System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance()); sufficientFunds.signal(); } finally { bankLock.unlock(); } } /** * Gets the sum of all account balances. * @return the total balance */ public double getTotalBalance() { bankLock.lock(); try { double sum = 0; for (double a : accounts) sum += a; return sum; } finally { bankLock.unlock(); } } /** * Gets the number of accounts in the bank. * @return the number of accounts */ public int size() { return accounts.length; } }
package synch; /** * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure. * @version 1.31 2015-06-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class SynchBankTest { public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100; public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000; public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000; public static final int DELAY = 10; public static void main(String[] args) { Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE); for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++) { int fromAccount = i; Runnable r = () -> { try { while (true) { int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random()); double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random(); bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount); Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random())); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } }; Thread t = new Thread(r); t.start(); } } }
测试程序2：
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材655页程序14-8，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握synchronized在多线程同步中的应用。
package synch2; /** * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure, * using synchronized methods. * @version 1.31 2015-06-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class SynchBankTest2 { public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100; public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000; public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000; public static final int DELAY = 10; public static void main(String[] args) { Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE); for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++) { int fromAccount = i; Runnable r = () -> { try { while (true) { int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random()); double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random(); bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount); Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random())); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { } }; Thread t = new Thread(r); t.start(); } } }
package synch; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.locks.*; /** * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses locks for serializing access. * @version 1.30 2004-08-01 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class Bank { private final double[] accounts; private Lock bankLock; private Condition sufficientFunds; /** * Constructs the bank. * @param n the number of accounts * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account */ public Bank(int n, double initialBalance) { accounts = new double[n]; Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance); bankLock = new ReentrantLock(); sufficientFunds = bankLock.newCondition(); } /** * Transfers money from one account to another. * @param from the account to transfer from * @param to the account to transfer to * @param amount the amount to transfer */ public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException { bankLock.lock(); try { while (accounts[from] < amount) sufficientFunds.await(); System.out.print(Thread.currentThread()); accounts[from] -= amount; System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to); accounts[to] += amount; System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance()); sufficientFunds.signal(); } finally { bankLock.unlock(); } } /** * Gets the sum of all account balances. * @return the total balance */ public double getTotalBalance() { bankLock.lock(); try { double sum = 0; for (double a : accounts) sum += a; return sum; } finally { bankLock.unlock(); } } /** * Gets the number of accounts in the bank. * @return the number of accounts */ public int size() { return accounts.length; } }
测试程序3：
l 在Elipse环境下运行以下程序，结合程序运行结果分析程序存在问题；
l 尝试解决程序中存在问题。
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class Cbank { private static int s=2000; public static void sub(int m) { int temp=s; temp=temp-m; try { Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random())); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } s=temp; System.out.println("s="+s); } } class Customer extends Thread { public void run() { for( int i=1; i<=4; i++) Cbank.sub(100); } } public class Thread3 { public static void main(String args[]) { Customer customer1 = new Customer(); Customer customer2 = new Customer(); customer1.start(); customer2.start(); } } |
class Cbank { private static int s=2000; public synchronized static void sub(int m) { int temp=s; temp=temp-m; try { Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random())); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } s=temp; System.out.println("s="+s); } } class Customer extends Thread { public void run() { for( int i=1; i<=4; i++) Cbank.sub(100); } } public class Thread3 { public static void main(String args[]) { Customer customer1 = new Customer(); Customer customer2 = new Customer(); customer1.start(); customer2.start(); } }
实验2 编程练习
利用多线程及同步方法，编写一个程序模拟火车票售票系统，共3个窗口，卖10张票，程序输出结果类似（程序输出不唯一，可以是其他类似结果）。
Thread-0窗口售：第1张票
Thread-0窗口售：第2张票
Thread-1窗口售：第3张票
Thread-2窗口售：第4张票
Thread-2窗口售：第5张票
Thread-1窗口售：第6张票
Thread-0窗口售：第7张票
Thread-2窗口售：第8张票
Thread-1窗口售：第9张票
Thread-0窗口售：第10张票
public class shi { public static void main(String[] args) { Mythread mythread = new Mythread(); Thread t1 = new Thread(mythread); Thread t2 = new Thread(mythread); Thread t3 = new Thread(mythread); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); } } class Mythread implements Runnable { int t; boolean flag = true; @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub while (flag) { try { Thread.sleep(500); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception } synchronized (this) { if (t <= 10) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "窗口售：第" + t + "张票"); t++; } else if(t>10) { flag = false; } } } } }
实验总结 掌握了线程同步的概念及实现技术；