接口自动化测试之数据清洗/隔离/备份/恢复
在得到QQ:1301559180 得代码贡献之后,想到了通过ssh连接上服务器,然后进行数据库备份,数据库恢复, 主要使用了
paramiko
库
最终效果
-
测试开始前会进行数据备份,并在下面2个路径存储对应的数据库备份(目前备份的数据库是写死的为,测试连接的mysql数据库).sql文件
数据库服务器: /root/backup_sql/
本地(运行测试脚本的机器)当前目录下的
backup_sqls
文件命名方式为: 数据库名+时间
如何使用
-
通过在
config.yaml
中配置对应得数据库信息,服务器必要得账号密码等信息(支持私钥文件登录,但个人未尝试),大致文件格式如下# 数据库校验- mysql database: host: localhost port: 3306 user: root # 不用''会被解析成int类型数据 password: '123456' db_name: test charset: utf8mb4 # 数据库所在的服务器配置 ssh_server: port: 22 username: root password: '123456' # 私有密钥文件路径 private_key_file: # 如果使用的docker容器部署mysql服务,需要传入mysql的容器id/name mysql_container: mysql8 # 数据库备份文件导出的本地路径, 需要保证存在该文件夹 sql_data_file: backup_sqls/
-
然后在
test/conftest.py
做如下操作#!/usr/bin/env/python3 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- """ @project: apiAutoTest @author: zy7y @file: conftest.py @ide: PyCharm @time: 2020/12/8 @desc: """ import pytest from tools.data_clearing import DataClearing from tools.db import DB from tools.read_file import ReadFile @pytest.fixture(scope="session") def data_clearing(): """数据清洗""" DataClearing.server_init() # 1. 备份数据库 DataClearing.backup_mysql() yield # 2. 恢复数据库 DataClearing.recovery_mysql() DataClearing.close_client() # 若不需要数据清洗功能,请把get_db()入参拿掉 @pytest.fixture(scope="session") def get_db(data_clearing): """关于其作用域请移步查看官方文档""" try: db = DB() yield db finally: db.close() @pytest.fixture(params=ReadFile.read_testcase()) def cases(request): """用例数据,测试方法参数入参该方法名 cases即可,实现同样的参数化 目前来看相较于@pytest.mark.parametrize 更简洁。 """ return request.param
实现代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@Time : 2021/1/19 11:44
@Author : zy7y
@ProjectName : apiAutoTest
@File : data_clearing.py
@Software : PyCharm
@Github : https://github.com/zy7y
@Blog : https://www.cnblogs.com/zy7y
"""
import os
from datetime import datetime
import paramiko
from tools.read_file import ReadFile
from tools import logger
class ServerTools:
def __init__(self, host: str, port: int = 22, username: str = "root", password: str = None,
private_key_file: str = None):
# 进行SSH连接
self.trans = paramiko.Transport((host, port))
self.host = host
if password is None:
self.trans.connect(username=username, pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(private_key_file))
else:
self.trans.connect(username=username, password=password)
# 将sshclient的对象的transport指定为以上的trans
self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
logger.success("SSH客户端创建成功.")
self.ssh._transport = self.trans
# 创建SFTP客户端
self.ftp_client = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.trans)
logger.success("SFTP客户端创建成功.")
def execute_cmd(self, cmd: str):
"""
:param cmd: 服务器下对应的命令, 可以是list,或者str
"""
stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(cmd)
error = stderr.read().decode()
logger.info(f"输入命令: {cmd} -> 输出结果: {stdout.read().decode()}")
logger.error(f"异常信息: {error}")
return error
def files_action(self, post: bool, local_path: str = os.getcwd(), remote_path: str = "/root"):
"""
:param post: 动作 为 True 就是上传, False就是下载
:param local_path: 本地的文件路径, 默认当前脚本所在的工作目录
:param remote_path: 服务器上的文件路径,默认在/root目录下
"""
if post: # 上传文件
self.ftp_client.put(localpath=local_path, remotepath=f"{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
logger.info(f"文件上传成功: {local_path} -> {self.host}:{remote_path}{os.path.split(local_path)[1]}")
else: # 下载文件
file_path = local_path + os.path.split(remote_path)[1]
self.ftp_client.get(remotepath=remote_path, localpath=file_path)
logger.info(f"文件下载成功: {self.host}:{remote_path} -> {file_path}")
def ssh_close(self):
"""关闭连接"""
self.trans.close()
logger.info("已关闭SSH连接...")
class DataClearing:
settings = ReadFile.read_config('$.database')
server_settings = settings.get('ssh_server')
server = None
# 导出的sql文件名称及后缀
file_name = f"{settings.get('db_name')}_{datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H_%M_%S')}.sql"
@classmethod
def server_init(cls, settings=settings, server_settings=server_settings):
cls.server = ServerTools(host=settings.get('host'), port=server_settings.get('port'),
username=server_settings.get('username'),
password=server_settings.get('password'),
private_key_file=server_settings.get('private_key_file'))
# 新建backup_sql文件夹在服务器上,存放导出的sql文件
cls.server.execute_cmd("mkdir backup_sql")
@classmethod
def backup_mysql(cls):
"""
备份数据库, 会分别备份在数据库所在服务器的/root/backup_sql/目录下, 与当前项目文件目录下的 backup_sqls
每次备份生成一个数据库名_当前年_月_日T_时_分_秒, 支持linux 服务器上安装的mysql服务(本人未调试),以及linux中docker部署的mysql备份
"""
if cls.server_settings.get('mysql_container') is None:
cmd = f"mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -u{cls.settings.get('username')} -p{cls.settings.get('password')} {cls.settings.get('db_name')} > {cls.file_name}"
else:
# 将mysql服务的容器中的指定数据库导出, 参考文章 https://www.cnblogs.com/wangsongbai/p/12666368.html
cmd = f"docker exec -i {cls.server_settings.get('mysql_container')} mysqldump -h127.0.0.1 -u{cls.settings.get('user')} -p{cls.settings.get('password')} {cls.settings.get('db_name')} > /root/backup_sql/{cls.file_name}"
cls.server.execute_cmd(cmd)
cls.server.files_action(0, f"{cls.server_settings.get('sql_data_file')}", f"/root/backup_sql/{cls.file_name}")
@classmethod
def recovery_mysql(cls, sql_file: str = file_name, database: str = settings.get('db_name')):
"""
恢复数据库, 从服务器位置(/root/backup_sql/) 或者本地(../backup_sqls)上传, 传入的需要是.sql文件
:param sql_file: .sql数据库备份文件, 默认就是导出的sql文件名称, 默认文件名称是导出的sql文件
:param database: 恢复的数据库名称,默认是备份数据库(config.yaml中的db_name)
"""
result = cls.server.execute_cmd(f"ls -l /root/backup_sql/{sql_file}")
if "No such file or directory" in result:
# 本地上传
cls.server.files_action(1, f"../backup_sqls/{sql_file}", "/root/backup_sql/")
cmd = f"docker exec -i {cls.server_settings.get('mysql_container')} mysql -u{cls.settings.get('user')} -p{cls.settings.get('password')} {database} < /root/backup_sql/{sql_file}"
cls.server.execute_cmd(cmd)
@classmethod
def close_client(cls):
cls.server.ssh_close()
源码地址
gitee: https://gitee.com/zy7y/apiAutoTest
github: https://github.com/zy7y/apiAutoTest
参考资料
https://www.cnblogs.com/wangsongbai/p/12666368.html
https://www.liujiangblog.com/blog/15/
https://blog.csdn.net/leorx01/article/details/71141643
http://docs.paramiko.org/en/stable/api/client.html
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1cQ4y1P7dg?p=4
# 详细的参考资料可以看这里
https://www.cnblogs.com/zy7y/p/14295902.html
最后
感谢遇见,欢迎讨论