• C#多线程技术总结(同步)


    二、串行(同步):

    1.lock、Monitor--注意锁定的对象必需是引用类型(string类型除外)

    示例:

            private static object syncObject = new object();
    
            private static void TaskWork(object i)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("我是任务:{0}",i);
                lock (syncObject)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    Console.WriteLine("我是任务:{0},线程ID:{1}",i,Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                }
    
                try
                {
                    Monitor.Enter(syncObject);
                    Console.WriteLine("我是任务:{0},线程ID:{1}", i, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                }
                finally
                {
                    Monitor.Exit(syncObject);
                }
            }
    
    //调用
    Task.Factory.StartNew(TaskWork,1);
    Task.Factory.StartNew(TaskWork, 2);
    

    2.Interlocked

    示例:

                int i=1;
                Interlocked.Increment(ref i); //增量+1=2;
                Console.WriteLine("i当前的值:{0}", i);
    
                Interlocked.Decrement(ref i); //减量-1=0;
                Console.WriteLine("i当前的值:{0}", i);
    
                Interlocked.Exchange(ref i, 2);//赋值=2;
                Console.WriteLine("i当前的值:{0}",i);
    
                Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref i, 10, 2);//比较交换值,当i=2时,则将i赋值为10;
                Console.WriteLine("i当前的值:{0}", i);
    

    3.Mutex--可以实现进程间的同步,甚至是两个远程进程间的同步

    示例:

                var t1 = new Task(() =>
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("我是第一个任务!");
                    Mutex m = new Mutex(false, "test");
                    m.WaitOne();
                    Console.WriteLine("第一个任务完成!");
                    m.ReleaseMutex();
                });
    
                var t2 = new Task(() =>
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("我是第二个任务!");
                    Mutex m = new Mutex(false, "test");
                    m.WaitOne();
                    Console.WriteLine("第二个任务完成!");
                    m.ReleaseMutex();
                });
    
                t1.Start();
                t2.Start();
    

     4.ReaderWriterLock 、ReaderWriterLockSlim--如果在某一时刻资源并没有获取写的独占权,那么可以获得多个读的访问权,单个写入的独占权,如果某一时刻已经获取了写入的独占权,那么其它读取的访问权必须进行等待. 

    示例:

            static ReaderWriterLock rwLock = new ReaderWriterLock();
    
            static void Read(object state)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("我是读线程,线程ID是:{0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                rwLock.AcquireReaderLock(Timeout.Infinite);//无限期等待,需要显式调用ReleaseReaderLock释放锁
                var readList = state as IEnumerable<int>;
                foreach (int item in readList)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("读取当前的值为:{0}", item);
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                }
                Console.WriteLine("读完成,线程ID是:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                rwLock.ReleaseReaderLock();
                
            }
    
    
            static void Write(object state)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("我是写线程,线程ID是:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                rwLock.AcquireWriterLock(Timeout.Infinite); //无限期等待,需要显式调用ReleaseWriterLock释放锁
                var writeList = state as List<int>;
                int lastCount=writeList.Count();
                for (int i = lastCount; i <= 10+lastCount; i++)
                {
                    writeList.Add(i);
                    Console.WriteLine("写入当前值:{0}",i);
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                }
                Console.WriteLine("写完成,线程ID是:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                rwLock.ReleaseWriterLock();
            }
    
        //调用:
                var rwList = new List<int>();
    
                var t1 = new Thread(Write);
                var t2 = new Thread(Read);
                var t3 = new Thread(Write);
                var t4 = new Thread(Read);
                
                t1.Start(rwList);
                t2.Start(rwList);
                t3.Start(rwList);
                t4.Start(rwList);
    

    5.SynchronizationAttribute--确保某个类的实例在同一时刻只能被一个线程访问,类的定义要求:A.类上必需标记SynchronizationAttribute特性,B.类必需继承自System.ContextBoundObject对象

    示例:

        [Synchronization(SynchronizationAttribute.REQUIRED,true)]
        public class Account : System.ContextBoundObject
        {
            private static int _balance;
            public int Blance
            {
                get
                {
                    return _balance;
                }
            }
    
            public Account()
            {
                _balance = 1000;
            }
    
            public void WithDraw(string name,object money)
            {
                if ((int)money <= _balance)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(2000);
                    _balance = _balance - (int)money;
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} 取钱成功!余额={1}", name, _balance);
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} 取钱失败!余额不足!", name);
                }
            }
        }
    
    //调用:
                var account = new Account();
                Parallel.Invoke(() =>
                {
                    account.WithDraw("张三",600);
    
                }, () =>
                {
                    account.WithDraw("李四",600);
                });
    

    6.MethodImplAttribute--使整个方法上锁,直到方法返回,才释放锁

    示例:

        public class Account
        {
            private static int _balance;
            public int Blance
            {
                get
                {
                    return _balance;
                }
            }
    
            public Account()
            {
                _balance = 1000;
            }
    
            [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]
            public void WithDraw(string name,object money)
            {
                if ((int)money <= _balance)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(2000);
                    _balance = _balance - (int)money;
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} 取钱成功!余额={1}", name, _balance);
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} 取钱失败!余额不足!", name);
                }
            }
        }
    
    //调用
                var account = new Account();
                Parallel.Invoke(() =>
                {
                    account.WithDraw("张三",600);
    
                }, () =>
                {
                    account.WithDraw("李四",600);
                });
    

    7.AutoResetEvent、ManualResetEvent、ManualResetEventSlim--调用WaitOne、WaitAny或WaitAll来使线程等待事件,调用Set方法发送信号,事件将变为终止状态,等待的线程被唤醒

    示例:

                AutoResetEvent arEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);//默认为无信号,处于非终止状态
                Task.Factory.StartNew((o) => {
                    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("循环第{0}次",i);
                    }
                    arEvent.Set();//发送信号,处于终止状态
                },arEvent);
    
    
                arEvent.WaitOne();//等待信号,收到信号后则继续下面的执行
    
                Console.WriteLine("我是主线程,我继续执行!");
                Console.Read();
    

     8.Sempaphore、SemaphoreSlim(不可跨进程)--信号量,可实现线程、进程间同步

    示例:

        public class WashRoom
        {
            private readonly Semaphore sem;
    
            public WashRoom(int maxUseableCount)
            {
                sem = new Semaphore(maxUseableCount, maxUseableCount, "WC");
            }
    
            public void Use(int i)
            {
                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("第{0}个人等待进入", i);
                        // WaitOne:如果还有“空位”,则占位,如果没有空位,则等待;
                        sem.WaitOne();
                        Console.WriteLine("第{0}个人成功进入,使用中", i);
                        // 模拟线程执行了一些操作
                        Thread.Sleep(100);
                        Console.WriteLine("第{0}个人用完,离开了", i);
                        // Release:释放一个“空位”
                        sem.Release();
                    });
            }
        }
    
    //调用:
                var wc = new WashRoom(5);
                for (int i = 1; i <= 7; i++)
                {
                    wc.Use(i);
                }
    

    9.Barrier--屏障,使多个任务能够采用并行方式依据某种算法在多个阶段中协同工作,即:将一个阶段的事情分成多个线程来异步执行,执行完毕后再同时进入下一个阶段

    示例:

                int taskSize = 5;
                Barrier barrier = new Barrier(taskSize, (b) =>
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0}当前阶段编号:{1}{0}", "-".PadRight(15, '-'), b.CurrentPhaseNumber));
                });
    
                var tasks = new Task[taskSize];
    
                for (int i = 0; i < taskSize; i++)
                {
                    tasks[i] = Task.Factory.StartNew((n) =>
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Task : #{0}   ---->  处理了第一部份数据。", n);
                        barrier.SignalAndWait();
    
                        Console.WriteLine("Task : #{0}   ---->  处理了第二部份数据。", n);
                        barrier.SignalAndWait();
    
                        Console.WriteLine("Task : #{0}   ---->  处理了第三部份数据。", n);
                        barrier.SignalAndWait();
    
                    }, i);
                }
    
                Task.WaitAll(tasks);
    

    10.SpinLock--自旋锁,仅限锁定的时间较短

    示例:

                SpinLock sLock = new SpinLock();
                int num = 0;
                Action action = () =>
                {
                    bool lockTaken = false;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                    {
                        lockTaken = false;
                        try
                        {
                            sLock.Enter(ref lockTaken);
                            Console.WriteLine("{0}+1={1} ---线程ID:[{2}]", num, ++num,Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                            Thread.Sleep(new Random().Next(9));
                        }
                        finally
                        {
                            //真正获取之后,才释放
                            if (lockTaken) sLock.Exit();
                        }
                    }
                };
    
    //多线程调用:
                Parallel.Invoke(action, action, action);
                Console.WriteLine("合计:{0}", num);
    

    11.SpinWait--自旋等待,轻量级

                Thread.Sleep(1000);//线程等待1S;
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff"));
    
                SpinWait.SpinUntil(() => false, 1000);//自旋等待1S
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff"));
    
                Thread.SpinWait(100000);//指定CPU的循环次数,时间间隔处决于处理器的运行速度,一般不建议使用
                Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff"));
    

    12.CountdownEvent--与Sempaphore功能类似,但CountdownEvent支持动态调整信号计数

     示例:

            static void TimeLimitShopping(int custCount,int times,CountdownEvent countdown)
            {
                var customers = Enumerable.Range(1, custCount);
                foreach (var customer in customers)
                {
                    int currentCustomer = customer;
                   Task.Factory.StartNew(()=>
                    {
                        SpinWait.SpinUntil(() => false, 1000);
                        Console.WriteLine("第{0}波客户购买情况:Customer-{1}-已购买.", times, currentCustomer);
                        countdown.Signal();
                    });
                    //countdown.AddCount();
                }
            }
    
    
    //调用:
    var countdown = new CountdownEvent(5);
                    TimeLimitShopping(5, 1, countdown);
                    countdown.Wait();
    
    
                    countdown.Reset(10);
                    TimeLimitShopping(10, 2, countdown);
                    countdown.Wait();
    
                    countdown.Reset(20);
                    TimeLimitShopping(20, 3, countdown);
                    countdown.Wait();
    

     最后分享在System.Collections.Concurrent命名空间下的几个并发集合类:

    ConcurrentBag<T>:表示线程安全的无序集合;

    ConcurrentDictionary<T>:表示线程安全的多个键值对集合;

    ConcurrentQueue<T>:表示线程安全的先进先出集合;

    ConcurrentStack<T>:表示线程安全的后进先出集合;

    线程的几个状态(以下图片来源于这篇文章:http://www.cnblogs.com/edisonchou/p/4848131.html):

    参考以下相关文章:

    归纳一下:C#线程同步的几种方法

    C#编程总结(三)线程同步

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zuowj/p/4910512.html
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