嵌入式系统移植三步曲 贾文龙

嵌入式系统移植三步曲

Bootloader的移植————>Linux的移植----->根文件系统的移植

班机：09应用技术二班 姓名：贾文龙 学号：0906042030

一、Bootloader的移植

1．编辑u-boot根目录中的Makefile文件

将ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)

CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-

endif

改为

ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)

CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-

endif

 

在

smdk2410_config       :       unconfig

       @./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0

后面添加

ok2410_config       :       unconfig

       @./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t ok2410 NULL s3c24x0

2．复制必要的文件，编辑ok2410.h头文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# mkdir board/ok2410

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# cp board/smdk2410/* board/ok2410/

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# mv board/ok2410/smdk2410.c board/ok2410/ok2410.c

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/ok2410.h

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit include/configs/ok2410.h

将

OBJS       := smdk2410.o flash.o

改为

OBJS       := ok2410.o flash.o

3．配置、编译u-boot

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make ok2410_config

修改cpu/arm920t/config.mk文件

将

PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,-mabi=apcs-gnu)

改成：

PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,$(call cc-option,-mabi=apcs-gnu,))

修改examples目录下的Makefile文件

将原文件的第58行开始的内容：

SREC           = hello_world.srec

BIN           = hello_world.bin hello_world

改为

SREC           = hello_world.o

BIN           = hello_world.o hello_world

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make

make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/common'

UNDEF_SYM=`/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objdump -x lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/ok2410/libok2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a |sed  -n -e 's/.*(__u_boot_cmd_.*)/-u1/p'|sort|uniq`;

                /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-ld -Bstatic -T /root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/board/ok2410/u-boot.lds -Ttext 0x33F80000  $UNDEF_SYM cpu/arm920t/start.o

                        --start-group lib_generic/libgeneric.a board/ok2410/libok2410.a cpu/arm920t/libarm920t.a cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/libs3c24x0.a lib_arm/libarm.a fs/cramfs/libcramfs.a fs/fat/libfat.a fs/fdos/libfdos.a fs/jffs2/libjffs2.a fs/reiserfs/libreiserfs.a fs/ext2/libext2fs.a net/libnet.a disk/libdisk.a rtc/librtc.a dtt/libdtt.a drivers/libdrivers.a drivers/sk98lin/libsk98lin.a post/libpost.a post/cpu/libcpu.a common/libcommon.a --end-group -L /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3 -lgcc

                        -Map u-boot.map -o u-boot

/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objcopy --gap-fill=0xff -O srec u-boot u-boot.srec

/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-objcopy --gap-fill=0xff -O binary u-boot u-boot.bin

4．编辑skyeye.conf文件

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit skyeye.conf

# skyeye config file for S3C2410X

cpu: arm920t

mach: s3c2410x

# physical memory

mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x00000000, size=0x00800000, file=./u-boot.bin ,boot=yes

mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x30000000, size=0x00800000

mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x30800000, size=0x00800000

mem_bank: map=M, type=RW, addr=0x31000000, size=0x03000000

# all peripherals I/O mapping area

mem_bank: map=I, type=RW, addr=0x48000000, size=0x20000000

mem_bank: map=I, type=RW, addr=0x19000300, size=0x00000020

 

net: type=cs8900a, base=0x19000300, size=0x20,int=9, mac=08:00:3E:26:0A:5B, ethmod=tuntap, hostip=10.0.0.1

nandflash: type=s3c2410x,name=K9F1208U0B,dump=./nand.dump

#lcd:type=s3c2410x, mod=gtk

dbct:state=on

5．开始移植nand

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit cpu/arm920t/start.S

将从NOR Flash启动改成从NAND Flash启动。

6．修改board/ok2410/Makefile

将

OBJS           := ok2410.o flash.o

改为

OBJS           := ok2410.o flash.o nand_read.o

7．创建board/ok2410/nand_read.c文件

#include

#define __REGb(x) (*(volatile unsigned char *)(x))

#define __REGi(x) (*(volatile unsigned int *)(x))

#define NF_BASE  0x4e000000

#define NFCONF  __REGi(NF_BASE + 0x0)

#define NFCMD  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x4)

#define NFADDR  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x8)

#define NFDATA  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0xc)

#define NFSTAT  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x10)

#define BUSY 1

#ifndef NAND_SECTOR_SIZE

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE 512

#endif

#ifndef NAND_BLOCK_MASK

 

8．编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件

在文件的后部添加

/****************** me add begin *******************/

/*

* Nandflash Boot

*/

#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1

#define STACK_BASE    0x33f00000

#define STACK_SIZE    0x8000

//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE    0x33f80000

/* NAND Flash Controller */

#define NAND_CTL_BASE            0x4E000000

#define bINT_CTL(Nb)        __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))

/* Offset */

#define oNFCONF               0x00

#define oNFCMD                0x04

#define oNFADDR               0x08

#define oNFDATA               0x0c

#define oNFSTAT               0x10

#define oNFECC                0x14

/****************** me add end *******************/

9．编译u-boot，然后测试u-boot是否可以从nand启动

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

……

Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin        

到此停止不动，需要执行如下命令：

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0

Bash:mknandflashdump:command not found

解决：
[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gcc -g mknandflashdump.c

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0

offset: 0x0 = 0

1  pos: 0x0 = 0
2  pos: 0x0 = 0
finish

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# ll nand.dump

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118272 05-10 22:29 nand.dump

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# chmod 666 nand.dump

10．编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件

在

#define CONFIG_BAUDRATE                115200

后面添加

/*********************** me add begin *************************************/

/* enable passing of ATAGs   */

#define CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG      1

#define CONFIG_SETUP_MEMORY_TAGS  1

#define CONFIG_INITRD_TAG   1

/*********************** me add end *************************************/

将

                        /*CFG_CMD_NAND        |*/

改为

                        CFG_CMD_NAND        |

将

/*#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS            "root=ramfs devfs=mount console=ttySA0,9600" */

改为

#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS        "noinitrd root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.0.0.1:/tmp/nfs ip=10.0.0.110:10.0.0.1:10.0.0.1:255.255.255.0 init=linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200  mem=64M"

将

/*#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND        "tftp; bootm" */

改为

#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND        "tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000"

 

/****************** me add begin *******************/

//  #define         CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH         1         /*将该行注释，添加下面一行*/

#define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND  1                  /*该行很重要，没有该行，saveenv命令将失效*/

#define CFG_ENV_SIZE         0x10000                  /* Total Size of Environment Sector */

#define CFG_NAND_LEGACY 1

#define CFG_ENV_OFFSET  0X20000                  /*环境变量在Nand Flash的0x20000处*/

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)

#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000         /* physical address to access nand at CS0*/

                                                               /* Nand Flash控制器在SFR区起始寄存器地址 */

#define CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1                  /*支持Nand Flash设备的最大个数*/

#define SECTORSIZE 512

#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE SECTORSIZE

#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK 511

#define ADDR_COLUMN 1

#define ADDR_PAGE 3

#define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 4

#define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00         /* 未知芯片的ID号 */

#define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1

#define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1                           /* 板子上NAND Flash芯片的最大个数 */

/*下面7行是Nand Flash命令层底层的接口函数 */

#define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr) {rNFCMD = d;}

#define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr) {rNFADDR = d;}

#define WRITE_NAND(d, adr) {rNFDATA = d;}

#define READ_NAND(adr) (rNFDATA)

#define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand) {while(!(rNFSTAT&(1<<0)));}

#define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF |= (1<<11);}

#define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF &= ~(1<<11);}

/* the following functions are NOP's because S3C24X0 handles this in hardware */

#define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)

#define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)

#define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)

#define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)

#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE 1         /* 允许Nand Flash写校验 */

/*

* Nandflash Boot

*/

#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1

#define STACK_BASE    0x33f00000

#define STACK_SIZE    0x8000

//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE    0x33f80000

/* NAND Flash Controller */

#define NAND_CTL_BASE            0x4E000000

#define bINT_CTL(Nb)        __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))

/* Offset */

#define oNFCONF               0x00

#define oNFCMD                0x04

#define oNFADDR               0x08

#define oNFDATA               0x0c

#define oNFSTAT               0x10

#define oNFECC                0x14

#define rNFCONF (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000000)

#define rNFCMD (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000004)

#define rNFADDR (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000008)

#define rNFDATA (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e00000c)

#define rNFSTAT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000010)

#define rNFECC (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000014)

#define rNFECC0 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000014)

#define rNFECC1 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000015)

#define rNFECC2 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000016)

#endif /* CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND*/

/****************** me add end *******************/

 

11．编辑board/ok2410/ok2410.c文件

在文件的尾部添加如下内容：

/****************** me add begin *******************/

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)

typedef enum {

        NFCE_LOW,

        NFCE_HIGH

} NFCE_STATE;

 

static inline void NF_Conf(u16 conf)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        nand->NFCONF = conf;

}

 

static inline void NF_Cmd(u8 cmd)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        nand->NFCMD = cmd;

}

 

static inline void NF_CmdW(u8 cmd)

{

        NF_Cmd(cmd);

        udelay(1);

}

 

static inline void NF_Addr(u8 addr)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        nand->NFADDR = addr;

}

 

static inline void NF_SetCE(NFCE_STATE s)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        switch (s) {

                case NFCE_LOW:

                        nand->NFCONF &= ~(1<<11);

                        break;

                case NFCE_HIGH:

                        nand->NFCONF |= (1<<11);

                        break;

        }

}

 

static inline void NF_WaitRB(void)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        while (!(nand->NFSTAT & (1<<0)));

}

 

static inline void NF_Write(u8 data)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        nand->NFDATA = data;

}

 

static inline u8 NF_Read(void)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        return(nand->NFDATA);

}

 

static inline void NF_Init_ECC(void)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        nand->NFCONF |= (1<<12);

}

 

static inline u32 NF_Read_ECC(void)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        return(nand->NFECC);

}

 

#endif

/*

* NAND flash initialization.

*/

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)

extern ulong nand_probe(ulong physadr);

 

static inline void NF_Reset(void)

{

        int i;

        NF_SetCE(NFCE_LOW);

        NF_Cmd(0xFF); /* reset command */

        for(i = 0; i < 10; i++); /* tWB = 100ns. */

        NF_WaitRB(); /* wait 200~500us; */

        NF_SetCE(NFCE_HIGH);

}

 

static inline void NF_Init(void)

{

#if 0 /* a little bit too optimistic */

#define TACLS 0

#define TWRPH0 3

#define TWRPH1 0

#else

#define TACLS 0

#define TWRPH0 4

#define TWRPH1 2

#endif

 

        NF_Conf((1<<15)|(0<<14)|(0<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0));

/*nand->NFCONF = (1<<15)|(1<<14)|(1<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0); */

/* 1 1 1 1, 1 xxx, r xxx, r xxx */

/* En 512B 4step ECCR nFCE=H tACLS tWRPH0 tWRPH1 */

        NF_Reset();

}

 

void nand_init(void)

{

        S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

        NF_Init();

#ifdef DEBUG

        printf("NAND flash probing at 0x%.8lX ", (ulong)nand);

#endif

        printf ("%4lu MB ", nand_probe((ulong)nand) >> 20);

}

#endif

/****************** me add end *******************/

12修改 common/cmd_nand.c文件

将NanD_ReadBuf函数中的

        NanD_Command (nand, NAND_CMD_READ0);

注释

13．编译、测试

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# make

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# ./mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6
In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: checksum bad
T T T T T T T T

解决：建立tftp服务器并修改权限
#chmod-R 755 /tftpboot;

二、Linux的移植

1．解压linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2

        [root@localhost Desktop]# tar -xjvf linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2 -C ./

2．编辑Makefile文件

将

ARCH                ?= $(SUBARCH)

CROSS_COMPILE        ?=

改为

ARCH                ?= arm

CROSS_COMPILE        ?= /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-        // linux2.6.14的交叉编译器为gcc-3.4.1

3．复制cs8900

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp ../cs8900/cs8900.c drivers/net/arm/

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp ../cs8900/cs8900.h drivers/net/arm/

cp: 无法 stat “../cs8900/cs8900.c”: 没有那个文件或目录

解决：在../下建立cs8900目录

4．修改drivers/net/arm/目录下的Kconfig文件

在最后添加如下内容：

config ARM_CS8900

       tristate "CS8900 support"

       depends on NET_ETHERNET && ARM && ARCH_SMDK2410

       help

       Support for CS8900A chipset based Ethernet cards. If you have a network

          (Ethernet) card of this type, say Y and read the Ethernet-HOWTO, available

           from as well as .To compile this driver as a module, choose M here and read.

   The module will be called cs8900.o.

5．修改drivers/net/arm/目录下的Makefile文件

       在文件最后添加如下内容：

        obj-$(CONFIG_ARM_CS8900)        += cs8900.o

6、编辑arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c文件

添加一个头文件

#include 410/smdk2410.h>

 

将

static struct map_desc smdk2410_iodesc[] __initdata = {

  /* nothing here yet */

};

改为

static struct map_desc smdk2410_iodesc[] __initdata = {

        /* nothing here yet */

        /* Map the ethernet controller CS8900A */

        { vSMDK2410_ETH_IO, pSMDK2410_ETH_IO, SZ_1M, MT_DEVICE }

};

7、在include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/目录下创建smdk2410.h文件

文件的内容如下

                #ifndef _INCLUDE_SMDK2410_H_

                #define _INCLUDE_SMDK2410_H_

                #include

                #define pSMDK2410_ETH_IO 0x19000000

                #define vSMDK2410_ETH_IO 0xE0000000

                #define SMDK2410_ETH_IRQ IRQ_EINT9

        #endif // _INCLUDE_SMDK2410_H_

8．设置Flash分区

在此要编辑3个文件：devs.c、mach-smdk2410.c、s3c2410.c。

（1）编辑devs.c文件，指明分区信息

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c

添加内容并修改该文件中s3c_device_nand结构体变量，添加对dev成员的赋值。

struct platform_device s3c_device_nand = {

           .name                        = "s3c2410-nand",                      /* device name */

           .id                        = -1,                                                       /* device id */

           .num_resources             = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_nand_resource),

           .resource             = s3c_nand_resource,                      /* Nand Flash Controller Registers */

           .dev =                                                  /* Add the Nand Flash device */

           {

                      .platform_data = &superlpplatform

           }

};

     (2）编辑mach-smdk2410.c文件，指定启动时初始化

kernel启动时依据对分区的设置进行初始化。

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach-smdk2410.c

修改smdk2410_devices[]，指明初始化时，包括前面设置的Flash分区信息。

/* 添加如下语句 */

           &s3c_device_nand,

（3）编辑s3c2410.c文件，禁止Flash ECC校验

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410.c

在s3c2410_nand_init_chip()函数中。

           将

                      chip->eccmode               = NAND_ECC_SOFT;

           改为

           chip->eccmode               = NAND_ECC_NONE;

9．配置内核

         (1）支持启动时挂载devfs

为了让内核支持devfs，以及在启动时/sbin/init运行之前，能够自动挂载/dev为devfs文件系统，需要编辑fs/Kconfig文件。

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit fs/Kconfig

找到menu "Pseudo filesystems"

添加如下语句：

config DEVFS_FS

           bool "/dev file system support (OBSOLETE)"

           default y

config DEVFS_MOUNT

           bool "Automatically mount at boot"

           default y

           depends on DEVFS_FS

（2）配置内核，产生.config文件

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make smdk2410_defconfig

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make menuconfig        

弹出的TUI界面中，进行配置

10．编译内核，创建uImage，将uImage复制到tftp服务器的根目录（/tftpboot/）

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make

 CHK     include/linux/version.h

 

make[1]: “include/asm-arm/mach-types.h”是最新的。

 

  CHK     include/linux/compile.h

 

  CHK     usr/initramfs_list

 

  CC      arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.o

 

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:138: error: `superlpplatform' undeclared here (not in a function)

 

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:138: error: initializer element is not constant

 

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:138: error: (near initialization for `s3c_device_nand.dev.platform_data')

 

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:138: error: initializer element is not constant

 

arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c:138: error: (near initialization for `s3c_device_nand.dev')

 

make[1]: *** [arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.o] 错误 1

 

make: *** [arch/arm/mach-s3c2410] 错误 2

 

解决：将添加的内容添加到源文件的头文件下面就行了！

然后[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# make

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cp arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/

[root@localhost linux-2.6.14.7]# cd ../u-boot-1.1.4/tools/

[root@localhost tools]# ./mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 30008000 -e 30008000 -n linux-2.6.14.7 -d vmlinux uImage

[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage  ../

[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img  ../

cp: 无法 stat “initrd.img”: 没有那个文件或目录

解决：cp ../../initrd.img

[root@localhost tools]# cp uImage /tftpboot/

[root@localhost tools]# cp initrd.img /tftpboot/

cp: 无法 stat “initrd.img”: 没有那个文件或目录

解决：cp ../initrd.img

[root@localhost tools]# cp ../u-boot.bin /tftpboot/

[root@localhost tools]# cp ../initrd.img /tmp/nfs/

[root@localhost tools]# iptables -F

三、根文件系统的移植

 

1、解压busybox-1.13.4.tar.bz2

 

2．编辑Makefile文件

将

CROSS_COMPILE ?=

改为

CROSS_COMPILE ?=/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-

 

将

ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)

改为

ARCH ?= arm

3．进行默认配置

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make defconfig                //恢复默认配置

4．对配置信息进行修改

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make menuconfig

在弹出的TUI界面中进行配置

5．编译

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make

编译出错，此时需要编辑networking/interface.c文件

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# gedit networking/interface.c

将networking/interface.c文件的818行修改为“.type = -1”，然后再次编译。

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make install

如果成功，会出现如下信息：

 

--------------------------------------------------

You will probably need to make your busybox binary

setuid root to ensure all configured applets will

work properly.

--------------------------------------------------

修改_install/bin/busybox文件的属性

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# chmod 4755 ./_install/bin/busybox       

6、对配置信息进行修改 注意此处是在/tmp/nfs

（1）在/tmp/nfs中创建所需的目录

[root@localhost nfs]# mkdir -p bin sbin lib/modules etc/init.d dev usr/bin usr/sbin usr/lib proc sys  home root boot mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp var/lib var/lock var/log var/run var/tmp tmp

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 1777 tmp

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 1777 var/tmp

[root@localhost nfs]# cd dev/

[root@localhost dev]# mknod -m 600 console c 5 1   注意此处是在/tmp/nfs/dev中

[root@localhost dev]# mknod -m 666 null c 1 3      注意此处是在/tmp/nfs/dev中

（2）复制文件到/tmp/nfs中

将/root/Desktop/busybox-1.13.4/_install中的内容复制到/tmp/nfs中

注意此处转换目录进入/busybox-1.13.4/_install

[root@localhost _install]# cp -a bin /tmp/nfs/

[root@localhost _install]# cp -a sbin /tmp/nfs/

[root@localhost _install]# cp -a linuxrc /tmp/nfs/

[root@localhost _install]# cd ..

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# cp -a examples/bootfloppy/etc/* /tmp/nfs/etc/

7．创建配置文件

（1）编写etc/inittab文件、修改其权限

文件内容如下：

::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS           #指定系统初始化脚本文件

::respawn:-/bin/login            #加上-语句会在登陆终端之后调用/etc/目录下的profile文件

::restart:/sbin/init                                 #指定系统重启时执行的初始化程序

 

tty0::respawn:-/bin/login

 

::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r           #指定关机时执行的操

::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/inittab

（2）编写etc/init.d/rcS文件、修改其权限

文件内容如下：

#!/bin/sh

# mount all filesystem defined in "fstab"

echo "#mount all......."

/bin/mount -a

 

/bin/mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/tty0 c 4 0

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock0 b 31 0

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock1 b 31 1

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock2 b 31 2

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock3 b 31 3

#/bin/mount -t ext2 /dev/mtdblock3 /mnt/temp/

 

echo "******************************************************************"

echo "                   OK 2410 Rootfs made by JWL, 2011.06"

echo "******************************************************************"

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/init.d/rcS

（3）编写etc/fstab文件、修改其权限

文件内容如下：

proc           /proc           proc           defaults           0           0

sysfs           /sys           sysfs           defaults           0           0

none           /tmp           ramfs           defaults           0           0

mdev           /dev           ramfs           defaults           0           0

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 755 etc/fstab

（4）编写etc/proflie文件、修改其权限

        文件内容如下：

# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells

echo

echo -n "Processing /etc/profile... "

# no-op

# Set search library path

echo "Set search library path in /etc/profile"

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib

# Set user path

echo "Set user path in /etc/profile"

export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin           #设置命令搜索路径

export HISTSIZE=100

export PS1='[u@JWL W]$ '

alias ll='ls -l'

#/sbin/ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.22 netmask 255.255.255.0

/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1

echo "Configure net done"

echo "All Done"

echo

（5）创建密码文件、修改其权限

[root@localhost nfs]# cp /etc/passwd etc/ ;cp /etc/shadow etc/ ;cp /etc/group etc/

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 600 etc/shadow

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/passwd

内容是：root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/shadow

内容是：root:$1$zs2zr2N4$15U99ll5tUm3DwOvKnCVV1:14335:0:99999:7:::

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/group

内容是：root:x:0:root

（6）为mdev创建配置文件

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/mdev.conf

内容是：空

（7）删除备份文件

[root@localhost nfs]# rm etc/*~ etc/init.d/*~

8．复制常用的库文件

编写脚本文件copy_lib.sh。

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit copy_lib.sh

#!/bin/bash

#You should put this file cp.sh in /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/

ROOTFS_LIB=/tmp/nfs/lib/

for file in libc libcrypt libdl libm libpthread libresolv libutil

do

cp $file-*.so ${ROOTFS_LIB}

cp -d $file.so.[*0-9] ${ROOTFS_LIB}

done

cp -d ld*.so* ${ROOTFS_LIB}

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod a+x copy_lib.sh

[root@localhost nfs]# cp copy_lib.sh /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/

[root@localhost nfs]# cd /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/

[root@localhost lib]# ./copy_lib.sh

9．完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统）

注意：在嵌入式系统开发的过程中，一般的做法是通过tftp将操作系统内核下载到开发板，内核引导时通过NFS挂载根文件系统，下面的操作过程既是如此。

（1）编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件

[root@localhost Desktop]# gedit /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

（2）重启tftp服务器

（3）编辑/etc/exports文件

文件内容如下：

                      /tmp/nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

（4）重启NFS服务器     

（5）完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统、用户程序（注意：通过u－boot引导内核要在 u-boot-1.1.4文件夹里）），使用NFS文件系统

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

10.0.0.110 login: root

Password:

login[25]: root login on 'console'

login: cannot run /bin/bash: Exec format error

解决：[root@localhost nfs]gedit etc/passwd

将：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

改为：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

******************************************************************

                   OK 2410 Rootfs made by JWL, 2011.06

******************************************************************

10.0.0.110 login: root

login[25]: root login on 'console'

 

Processing /etc/profile... Set search library path in /etc/profile

Set user path in /etc/profile

Configure net done

All Done

 

[root@JWL /root]#

[root@JWL /root]# ls /

bin           dev           lib           root          tmp

boot          etc           linuxrc       sbin          usr

copy_lib.sh   home          mnt           sys           var

copy_lib.sh~  initrd.img    proc          temp

 

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