目标
1、服务雪崩效应
2、服务熔断服务降级
3、Hystrix默认超时时间设置
4、Hystrix服务监控Dashboard
服务雪崩效应
当一个请求依赖多个服务的时候:
正常情况下的访问
但是,当请求的服务中出现无法访问、异常、超时等问题时(图中的I),那么用户的请求将会被阻塞。
Hystrix的引入,可以通过服务熔断和服务降级来解决这个问题。
服务熔断服务降级
Hystrix断路器简介
hystrix对应的中文名字是“豪猪”,豪猪周身长满了刺,能保护自己不受天敌的伤害,代表了一种防御机制,这与hystrix本身的功能不谋而合,因此Netflix团队将该框架命名为Hystrix,并使用了对应的卡通形象做作为logo。
在一个分布式系统里,许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败,比如超时、异常等,如何能够保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下,不会导致整体服务失败,这个就是Hystrix需要做的事情。Hystrix提供了熔断、隔离、Fallback、cache、监控等功能,能够在一个、或多个依赖同时出现问题时保证系统依然可用。
Hystrix服务熔断服务降级@HystrixCommand fallbackMethod
熔断机制是应对雪崩效应的一种微服务链路保护机制。
当某个服务不可用或者响应时间超时,会进行服务降级,进而熔断该节点的服务调用,快速返回自定义的错误影响页面信息。
我们写个项目来测试下;
我们写一个新的带服务熔断的服务提供者项目 microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004
把 配置和 代码 都复制一份到这个项目里;
然后修改;
1,pom.xml加下 hystrix支持
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.jt</groupId> <artifactId>microservice</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004</artifactId> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.jt</groupId> <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <!--Hystrix相关依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- actuator监控引入 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.jt</groupId> <artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
2,application.yml修改下端口和实例名称
server: port: 1004 context-path: / spring: datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/xm1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8 username: root password: 123 jpa: hibernate: ddl-auto: update show-sql: true application: name: microservice-student profiles: provider-hystrix-1004 eureka: instance: hostname: localhost appname: microservice-student instance-id: microservice-student:1004 prefer-ip-address: true client: service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka2001.jt.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.jt.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.jt.com:2003/eureka/ info: groupId: com.jt.testSpringcloud artifactId: microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004 version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT userName: http://jt.com phone: 123456
3,启动类StudentProviderHystrixApplication_1004加下注解支持 @EnableCircuitBreaker
package com.jt.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan; import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @EnableCircuitBreaker @EntityScan("com.jt.*.*") @EnableEurekaClient @SpringBootApplication public class MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application.class, args); } }
4,服务提供者1004中controller新增
package com.jt.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.controller; import com.jt.microservicecommon.entity.Student; import com.jt.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.service.StudentService; import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; @RestController @RequestMapping("/student") public class StudentProviderController { @Autowired private StudentService studentService; @Value("${server.port}") private String port; @PostMapping(value="/save") public boolean save(Student student){ try{ studentService.save(student); return true; }catch(Exception e){ return false; } } @GetMapping(value="/list") public List<Student> list(){ return studentService.list(); } @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}") public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ return studentService.findById(id); } @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}") public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ try{ studentService.delete(id); return true; }catch(Exception e){ return false; } } @RequestMapping("/ribbon") public String ribbon(){ return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务"; } /** * 测试Hystrix服务降级 * @return * @throws InterruptedException */ @ResponseBody @GetMapping(value="/hystrix") @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod="hystrixFallback") public Map<String,Object> hystrix() throws InterruptedException{ Thread.sleep(2000); Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("code", 200); map.put("info","工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务"); return map; } public Map<String,Object> hystrixFallback() throws InterruptedException{ Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("code", 500); map.put("info", "系统【"+port+"】繁忙,稍后重试"); return map; } }
这里我正常访问 返回的是 200 业务数据xxxxx
但是我们这里Thread.sleep(2000) 模拟超时;
这里的话 我们加上@HystrixCommand注解 以及 fallbackMethod
表明这个方法我们再 没有异常以及没有超时(hystrix默认1秒算超时)的情况,才返回正常的业务数据;
否则,进入我们fallback指定的本地方法,我们搞的是500 系统出错,稍后重试,有效的解决雪崩效应,以及返回给用户界面
很好的报错提示信息;
microservice-student-consumer-80项目也要对应的加个方法
package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumer80.controller; import com.jt.microservicecommon.entity.Student; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; @RestController @RequestMapping("/student") public class StudentConsumerController { private final static String SERVER_IP_PORT = "http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT"; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; @PostMapping(value="/save") private boolean save(Student student){ return restTemplate.postForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/save", student, Boolean.class); } @GetMapping(value="/list") public List<Student> list(){ return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/list", List.class); } @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}") public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/get/"+id, Student.class); } @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}") public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ try{ restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/delete/"+id, Boolean.class); return true; }catch(Exception e){ return false; } } @RequestMapping("/ribbon") public String ribbon() { return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class); } /** * 测试Hystrix服务降级 * @return */ @GetMapping(value="/hystrix") @ResponseBody public Map<String,Object> hystrix(){ return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/hystrix/", Map.class); } }
5,然后我们来测试下
先启动三个eureka,再启动带hystrix的provider,最后启动普通的consumer;
Hystrix默认超时时间设置
Hystrix默认超时时间是1秒,我们可以通过hystrix源码看到,
找到 hystrix-core.jar com.netflix.hystrix包下的HystrixCommandProperties类
default_executionTimeoutInMilliseconds属性局势默认的超时时间
我们系统里假如要自定义设置hystrix的默认时间的话;
application.yml配置文件加上
hystrix: command: default: execution: isolation: thread: timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000
Hystrix服务监控Dashboard
Hystrix服务监控Dashboard仪表盘
Hystrix提供了 准实时的服务调用监控项目Dashboard,能够实时记录通过Hystrix发起的请求执行情况,
可以通过图表的形式展现给用户看。
我们新建项目:microservice-student-consumer-hystrix-dashboard-90
加依赖:
<!--Hystrix服务监控Dashboard依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency>
application.yml配置
server: port: 90 servlet: context-path: /
新建启动类:StudentConsumerDashBoardApplication_90
加注解:@EnableHystrixDashboard
package com.jt.microservicestudentconsumerhystrixdashboard90; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard; @SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class}) @EnableHystrixDashboard public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerHystrixDashboard90Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerHystrixDashboard90Application.class, args); } }
这样就完事了。
我们启动这个项目;
然后浏览器输入:http://localhost:90/hystrix
指标含义:
各种情况: