目录
三、"How many+名词复数”和"How much+不可数名词"作主语
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疑问词作主语的时候,不需要倒装,因为本来主语就是放在开头的。这点跟上面的情况不一样,所以疑问词作主语的时候句型是:
1、疑问词(主语) +谓语+宾语? (动作的句型)
2、疑问词(主语) +be+表语? (状态的句型)
其实,疑问词作主语,就跟肯定句的构成方式一样。
但是,不是每个疑问词都可以作主语的,能作主语的疑问词主要有: "Which+名词”、"Whose+名词"、"How many/much +名词”、"Who"和“What”。
另外, "who"和"what"作主语的时候一般是单数的概念,所以在一般现在时态的时候,谓语动词要注意使用第三人称单数的格式。
"Which+名词单数"+谓语+宾语+状语?
1) which boss has a car? 哪个老板有一辆车?
2) Which student made a mistake just now? 刚才哪个学生犯了一个错误?
3) Which student drives a red car every day? 哪个学生每天开一辆红色的车?
4) Which student ate my bread? 哪个学生吃了我的面包?
5) Which student is talking with others? 哪个学生在跟别人聊天?
"Whose+名词”+谓语+宾语+状语?
1) Whose boss likes my products? 谁的老板喜欢我的产品?
2) Whose students clean the classroom?谁的学生打扫这个教室?
"Which+名词单数"和"whose+名词”这两个复合疑问词也可以在“主系表"句型里面作主语,但是表语必须是形容词或介词短语。
因为,如果系动词后面是名词或代词,动词后面的名词或代词其实是作主语,而"Which+名词单数"和"Whose+名词”是作表语的。
"Which+名词单数” (作主语) +be+形容词/介词短语(作表语)
"Whose+名词” (作主语) +be+形容词/介词短语(作表语)
1) Which girl is the most beautiful?哪个女孩最漂亮?
2) Whose books are useful? 谁的书有用?
请注意以下区别:
Which+名词单数(表语) +be+名词/代词(主语)
Which woman is his wife? 他妻子是哪一个女人
Whose+名词 (表语) +be+名词/代词(主语)
Whose wife is the woman? 这个女人是谁的妻子?
Whose car is it? 这是谁的车?
通过句型的对比,我们发现, "be"后面跟名词或代词的时候,其实那个名词或代词是作主语的,整句话是倒装句, "Which+名词单数"和"Whose+名词"作表语(通过主语的定义也可以区分)。
当"be"后面跟形容词或介词短语的时候, "Which+名词单数"和"whose+名词就是作主语的,而且不需要倒装,因此"be"后面的形容词或介词短语就是表语。
三、"How many+名词复数"和"How much+不可数名词"作主语
1、"How many+名词复数"+谓语+宾语+状语?
1) How many students attend my class every day? 每天有多少学生参加我的课程?
2) How many boys love you? 有多少男孩爱你?
3) How many people are learning English in China? 在中国,有多人正在学英语?
2、"How much+不可数名词” (主语) +be+介词短语(表语) ?
How much money is in the bag? 有多少钱在这个袋子里面?
3、How much/many 在there be中的用法
"how many+名词复数”和"how much+不可数名词”也可以在there be句型里面作主语,而且多数用在一般现在时态,比如:
how many+名词复数+are there +地点状语?
how many+名词复数+were there +地点状语+过去的时间?
How much+不可数名词+is there+地点状语?
How many students were there in the classroom last year? 去年你的课堂上有多少个学生?
How many people are there in your house? 你家里有多少人?
How much oil is there in the bottle? 瓶子里面有多少油?
"Who”作主语是单数概念，也就是属于第三人称单数，因此在一般现在时态里面，谓语动词要变第三人称单数格式，句型如下;
1、一般现在时态
Who+谓语动词第三人称单数格式+（宾语）?
1) Who loves me? 谁爱我?
2) Who hates me? 谁恨我?
3) Who believes me? 谁相信我?
4) Who talks about me? 谁经常谈论我?
2、一般过去时态
Who+动词过去式+ (宾语) +过去的时间状语?
1) Who stole my pen? 谁偷了我的笔?
2) Who took my book just now? 刚才谁拿了我的书?
3) Who ate my chicken? 谁吃了我的鸡?
3、一般将来时态
Who will +动词原型+(宾语) +将来的时间状语?
1) Who will marry her in the future? 将来谁会娶了她?
2) Who will help me tomorrow? 明天谁会帮我?
Who is going to +动词原型+ (宾语) +将来的时间状语?
Who is going to bake the duck? 谁将要烤这只鸭子?
4、现在进行时态
Who+is+动词现在分词+宾语?
1) Who is knocking my door? 谁在敲我的门?
2) Who is eating my watermelon? 谁在吃我的西瓜?
5、现在完成时态
Who+has+动词的过去分词+宾语
1) Who has finished the task? 谁已经完成了任务?
"Who”作主语的时候,也可以用在“主系表”句型,但是表语必须是形容词或介词短语。
如果系动词后面跟是名词或代词,那么"who"就是作表语的,而不是作主语。(也可以通过主语的定义区分)
Who (主语) +be+形容词或介词短语(表语) ?
1) Who is the most beautiful in our class? 我们班谁最漂亮的?
2) Who is the fattest? 谁最胖?
3) Who is the richest? 谁最有钱?
4) Who is in my room? 谁在我房间里面?
"Who"可以在特殊疑问句里面作表语,但是容易跟上面的句型混淆,所以请注意看清楚句型:
Who (表语) +be+名词或人称代词主格(主语) ?
1) who are you? 你是谁? (who这里作表语)
2) Who is she? 她是谁?
3) Who is the man behind you? 你后面的男人是谁?
"What"作主语表示“什么事情,什么东西",表示一种抽象概念,所以"What"是单数概念。在一般现在时态里面注意谓语动词变第三人称单数格式。比如:
1) What makes you unhappy? 什么事情让你不开心?
2) What made you angry? 什么事情让你生气?
3) What brought you here? 什么风把你吹来了?
4) What brings you here? 什么风把你吹来了? (口语里面,这句话最常见)
第三四个句子表达的是什么事情驱使你来到了这里。
"What"也可以在“主系表”句型里面作主语,但是表语必须是形容词或介词短语。比如:
What (主语) +be+形容词/介词短语(表语) ?
1) What is in your pocket? 什么东西在你口袋里面?
2) What is the most important in life? 什么是生命中(生活中)最重要的?
如果be后面是名词或代词,那么what就是表语,不是主语,这个前面已经学过,句型如下:
What (表语) +be+名词/代词(主语) ?
1) What is your name?你的名字是什么?
2) What is it?它是什么?这是什么?
另外,跟"Which、Whose、How many/much"一样, "What"也可以修饰名词,作定语,构成复合疑问词: "What+名词”。
这个复合疑问词可以作主语、宾语、表语等,比如:
1) What computer is the smallest? 什么电脑是最小的? (作主语)
2) What book are you reading? 你在读什么书? (作宾语)
3) What kind of person is she? 她是什么样的人? (作表语)
4) What cellphone do you like? 你喜欢什么手机?
5) What color do you like? 你喜欢什么颜色?
What season do you like? 你喜欢什么季节?
注意, "what"一般不能直接修饰"表示人"的名词,所以用"What kind of +表示人的名词",另外,根据冠词规则,如果名词前面有了形容词词性物主代词,疑问词,不定代词等修饰,名词前面不能用冠词。因此, "What kind of person"是对的,千万不要说:"what kind of a person".
1、Whose+名词(作主语作用)造3个特殊疑问句
Whose daughter is crying?
Whose cat ate the bread yesterday?
Whose books are on the table?
2、Which+名词单数(作主语作用)造3个特殊疑问句
Which boy clean the classroom every morning?
Which student kissed your face yesterday?
Which book is the most interesting?
3、How many +名词复数(作主语作用)造3个特殊疑问句
How many stidents are learning?
How many books were there on the floor yesterday?
How many accountant hurt the cat three days ago?
4、How much +不可数名词(作there be主语作用)造3个特殊疑问句
How much money is your home?
How much juice was here yesterday?
How much wine is there in the hotel?
5、Who(作主语作用)造5个特殊疑问句
Who are bathing in your room?
Who drank juice beside the car yesterday?
Who will go to school with me tomorrow?
Who has bought the book?
Who is the most beautiful?
6、What(作主语作用)造5个特殊疑问句
What makes you sad?
What is in your room?
What dog is the most interesting?
What color is brightest?
What is the most difficult in your life?