Linux安装nginx并配置ssl自签证书

一、下载nginx压缩包：官网下载地址http://nginx.org/download/，点击进入选择合适自己系统的版本，本机已centos安装nginx-1.9.1.tar.gz压缩包为例。

二、将下载的nginx-1.9.1.tar.gz文件通过ftp等工具上传到centos系统的 /usr/local目录下，cd到该目录运行 "   tar -zxvf nginx-1.9.9.tar.gz "命令解压到该目录，解压成功后发现该目录下多了一个文件夹nginx-1.9.9。

三、cd到nginx-1.9.9目录，运行命令"   ./configure  --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module " 进行编译，--后面的参数表示编译时增加ssl模块功能。

四、继续在目录下运行命令 "  make & make install  "，等待安装完成，如果是修改nginx，就不需要运行make install，否则会覆盖安装。

五、切换到安装目录  " cd /usr/local/nginx/conf " ，运行证书自签生成命令 "  openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out cert.pem -keyout cert.key   -days 999 "，按照提示输入证书相关信息，直到运行完成后会在该目录下生成两个证书文件 cert.pem和cert.key,有效期为999天。运行命令后会弹出一些列输入框和提示，其界面如下：Country Name表示国家名称；State or Province Name表示州或省名称；Organization Name表示组织名称；Common Name表示常用名称，例如您的姓名或服务器的主机名；Email Address表示电子邮件地址。

　　

根据以上信息，生成的证书信息如下：

 

六、打开ngix.conf配置文件，发现如下关于https的443端口配置代码被注释，复制一份相关server节点代码，手动将其配置好，代码如下：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
    
    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  localhost;

        ssl_certificate      cert.pem;  //对应前一步生成的证书文件pem
        ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;  //对应前一步生成的证书文件key

        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;

        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        location / {
            #root   html;
            #index  index.html index.htm;
            proxy_pass http://10.2.1.172:8081;  //此处对443端口做了代理，转发到10.2.1.172:8081端口
        }
    }

}

七、运行nginx启动命令"  /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  "，若无报错，则访问https://localhost，即可通过nginx转发到http://10.2.1.172:8081上。 

八、设置nginx开机自启动：

　　1、创建/etc/init.d/nginx文件，复制如下内容(这个内容是nginx官方说明文档中提供的)到文件中，修改nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"  指向你的nginx启动文件路径，NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" 指向你的配置文件路径。

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0

#nginx启动文件路径
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"  

prog=$(basename $nginx)

#nginx.conf配置文件路径
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
   # make required directories
   user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
   if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then
       useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user
   fi
   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
   for opt in $options; do
       if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
           value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
           if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
               # echo "creating" $value
               mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
           fi
       fi
   done
}
start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    make_dirs
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}
stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}
restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}
reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
force_reload() {
    restart
}
configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
    status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac

　　2、保存成功后给nginx文件赋予操作权限：chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx 。

　　3、使用chkconfig命令：chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx  将其加入管理列表。 

　　4、使用如下命令进行操作：　　

　　　　service nginx start     //启动nginx

　　　　service nginx stop     //停止nginx

　　　　chkconfig nginx on    //设置开机启动