不多说，直接上干货！
本博文介绍了MongoDB，并详细指引读者在Ubuntu下MongoDB的安装和使用。本教程在Ubuntu14.04下测试通过。
一、MongoDB介绍
MongoDB 是一个是一个基于分布式文件存储的数据库，介于关系数据库和非关系数据库之间，是非关系数据库当中功能最丰富，最像关系数据库的。他支持的数据结构非常松散，是类似json的bson格式，因此可以存储比较复杂的数据类型。Mongo最大的特点是他支持的查询语言非常强大，其语法有点类似于面向对象的查询语言，几乎可以实现类似关系数据库单表查询的绝大部分功能，而且还支持对数据建立索引。
二、安装MongoDB
MongoDB安装很简单，无需下载源文件，可以直接用apt-get命令进行安装。
首先，查看下你的操作系统的版本。
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# cat /etc/issue Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS l root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get install mongodb Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done mongodb is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 338 not upgraded. root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# mongo -version MongoDB shell version: 2.4.9 root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get --purge remove mongodb mongodb-clients mongodb-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libboost-dev libboost-filesystem1.54.0 libboost-program-options1.54.0 libboost-thread1.54.0 libboost1.54-dev libgoogle-perftools4 libpcrecpp0 libsnappy1 libstdc++-4.8-dev libtcmalloc-minimal4 libunwind8 libv8-3.14.5 mongodb-dev Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED: mongodb* mongodb-clients* mongodb-server* 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 338 not upgraded. After this operation, 107 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 180474 files and directories currently installed.) Removing mongodb (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... Removing mongodb-server (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... arg: remove mongodb stop/waiting Purging configuration files for mongodb-server (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... dpkg: warning: while removing mongodb-server, directory '/var/log/mongodb' not empty so not removed dpkg: warning: while removing mongodb-server, directory '/var/lib/mongodb' not empty so not removed Removing mongodb-clients (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ... root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# clear root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get install mongodb Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: mongodb-clients mongodb-server The following NEW packages will be installed: mongodb mongodb-clients mongodb-server 0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 338 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/12.9 MB of archives. After this operation, 107 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-clients. (Reading database ... 180427 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../mongodb-clients_1%3a2.4.9-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-clients (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb-server. Preparing to unpack .../mongodb-server_1%3a2.4.9-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb-server (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... Selecting previously unselected package mongodb. Preparing to unpack .../mongodb_1%3a2.4.9-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ... Unpacking mongodb (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ... ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot Setting up mongodb-clients (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... Setting up mongodb-server (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... mongodb start/running, process 3594 Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ... Setting up mongodb (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
安装完成后，在终端输入以下命令查看MongoDB版本：
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# mongo -version MongoDB shell version: 2.4.9
启动和关闭mongodb命令如下：
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# service mongodb start start: Job is already running: mongodb root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# service mongodb stop mongodb stop/waiting root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#
默认设置MongoDB是随Ubuntu启动自动启动的。
输入以下命令查看是否启动成功：
pgrep mongo -l #注意：-l是英文字母l，不是阿拉伯数字1
卸载MongoDB
root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~# sudo apt-get --purge remove mongodb mongodb-clients mongodb-server Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: libboost-dev libboost-filesystem1.54.0 libboost-program-options1.54.0 libboost-thread1.54.0 libboost1.54-dev libgoogle-perftools4 libpcrecpp0 libsnappy1 libstdc++-4.8-dev libtcmalloc-minimal4 libunwind8 libv8-3.14.5 mongodb-dev Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED: mongodb* mongodb-clients* mongodb-server* 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 338 not upgraded. After this operation, 107 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 180474 files and directories currently installed.) Removing mongodb (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... Removing mongodb-server (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... arg: remove mongodb stop/waiting Purging configuration files for mongodb-server (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... dpkg: warning: while removing mongodb-server, directory '/var/log/mongodb' not empty so not removed dpkg: warning: while removing mongodb-server, directory '/var/lib/mongodb' not empty so not removed Removing mongodb-clients (1:2.4.9-1ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ... root@zhouls-virtual-machine:~#