我用一个集团公司对人事信息处理场景的简单案例，来作为入门，详细分析DataFrame上的各种常用操作，包括集团子公司的职工人事信息的合并，职工的部门相关信息查询、职工信息的统计、关联职工与部门信息的统计，以及如何将各种统计得到的结果存储到外部存储系统等。
在此入门案例里，涉及的DataFrame实例内容包括从外部文件构建DataFrame，在DataFram上比较常用的操作，多个DataFrame之间的操作，以及DataFrame的持久化操作等内容。
注意，如果文件中存在换行回车符，以及文件中的一些错误，都会出现“corrupt_record"错误。如果没有则能够正常导入。
修正后
people.json
{"name":"Michael","job number":"001","age":33,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":3000}
{"name":"Andy","job number":"002","age":30,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":4000}
{"name":"Justin","job number":"003","age":19,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":5000}
{"name":"John","job number":"004","age":32,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":6000}
{"name":"Herry","job number":"005","age":20,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":7000}
{"name":"Jack","job number":"006","age":26,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":3000}
people.json文件包含了员工的相关信息，每一列分别对应：员工姓名、工号、年龄、性别、部门ID以及薪资。
newPeople.json
{"name":"Spark","job number":"007","age":32,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":4000}
{"name":"Hadoop","job number":"008","age":20,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":5000}
{"name":"Storm","job number":"009","age":26,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":6000}
该文件对应新入职员工的信息
department.json
{"name":"Development Dept","deptId":1}
{"name":"Personnel Dept","deptId":2}
{"name":"Testing Department","deptId":3}
该文件是员工们的部门信息，包含部门的名称和部门ID。其中，部门ID对应员工信息中的部门ID，即员工的deptId列
编写代码
加载方式
以上，我提供了3种方式加载本地文件，当然HDFS上的文件，差不多啦。
people、newpeople、department是生成的3个DataFrame实例，同时根据文件内容自动地推导出三个DataFrame实例的schema信息，schema信息包含了列的名字以及对应的数据类型，如dept的schema信息为[deptId : bigint,name,string]
以表格形式查看DataFrame信息
people.show()
通过show方法，可以以表格形式输出各个DataFrame的内容。默认情况下会显示DataFrame的20条记录，可以通过设置show方法的参数来指定输出的记录条数。
如people.show(10)，显示前10条记录。
为了模拟，加大people.json文件里的数据
{"name":"Michael","job number":"001","age":33,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":3000}
{"name":"Andy","job number":"002","age":30,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":4000}
{"name":"Justin","job number":"003","age":19,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":5000}
{"name":"John","job number":"004","age":32,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":6000}
{"name":"Herry","job number":"005","age":20,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":7000}
{"name":"Jack","job number":"006","age":26,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":3000}
{"name":"aa","job number":"001","age":33,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":3000}
{"name":"bb","job number":"002","age":30,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":4000}
{"name":"cc","job number":"003","age":19,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":5000}
{"name":"dd","job number":"004","age":32,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":6000}
{"name":"ee","job number":"005","age":20,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":7000}
{"name":"ff","job number":"006","age":26,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":3000}
{"name":"gg","job number":"001","age":33,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":3000}
{"name":"hh","job number":"002","age":30,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":4000}
{"name":"ii","job number":"003","age":19,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":5000}
{"name":"jj","job number":"004","age":32,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":6000}
{"name":"kk","job number":"005","age":20,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":7000}
{"name":"ll","job number":"006","age":26,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":3000}
{"name":"mm","job number":"001","age":33,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":3000}
{"name":"nn","job number":"002","age":30,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":4000}
{"name":"oo","job number":"003","age":19,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":5000}
{"name":"pp","job number":"004","age":32,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":6000}
{"name":"qq","job number":"005","age":20,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":7000}
{"name":"rr","job number":"006","age":26,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":3000}
{"name":"ss","job number":"001","age":33,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":3000}
{"name":"tt","job number":"002","age":30,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":4000}
{"name":"uu","job number":"003","age":19,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":5000}
{"name":"vv","job number":"004","age":32,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":6000}
{"name":"ww","job number":"005","age":20,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":7000}
{"name":"xx","job number":"006","age":26,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":3000}
DataFrame基本信息的查询
使用DataFrame的columsns方法，查询people包含的全部列信息，以数组的形式返回列名组。
Array[String]=Array(age,deptId,gender,job number,name,salary)
使用DataFrame的count方法，统计people包含的记录条数，即员工个数。
Long=6
使用DataFram的take方法，获取前三条员工记录信息，并以数组形式呈现出来。
Array[org.apache.spark.sql.Row] = Array( [33,1,male,001,Michael,3000],[30,2,female,002,Andy,4000],[19,3,male,003,Justin,5000] )
使用DataFrame的toJSON方法，将people转换成JsonRDD类型，并使用RDD的collect方法返回其包含的员工信息。
Array[String] = Array( {"age":33,"deptId":1,"gender":"male","job number":"001","name":"Michael","salary":3000},{"age":30,"deptId":2,"gender":"female","job number":"002","name":"Andy","salary":4000},{"age":19,"deptId":3,"gender":"male","job number":"003","name":"Justin","salary":5000},{"age":32,"deptId":1,"gender":"male","job number":"004","name":"John","salary":6000},{"age":20,"deptId":2,"gender":"female","job number":"005","name":"Herry","salary":7000},{"age":26,"deptId":3,"gender":"male","job number":"006","name":"Jack","salary":3000})
对员工信息进行条件查询，并输出结果
在命令行里，执行这些
使用count方法统计了"gender”列为"male”的员工数量
Long = 4
基于“age”和“gender”这两列，使用不同的查询条件，不同的DataFrame API，即where和filter方法，对员工信息进行过滤。最后使用show方法，将查询结果以表格形式呈现出来。
Long = 4
age depId gender job number name salary
33 1 male 001 Michael 3000
30 2 female 002 Andy 4000
32 1 male 004 John 6000
26 3 male 006 Jack 3000
age depId gender job number name salary
33 1 male 001 Michael 3000
30 2 female 002 Andy 4000
32 1 male 004 John 6000
26 3 male 006 Jack 3000
age depId gender job number name salary
33 1 male 001 Michael 3000
32 1 male 004 John 6000
26 3 male 006 Jack 3000
age depId gender job number name salary
33 1 male 001 Michael 3000
30 2 female 002 Andy 4000
32 1 male 004 John 6000
26 3 male 006 Jack 3000
对员工信息进行,以指定的列名，以不同方式进行排序
先以“job number”列升序，再以“deptId”列降序
age depId gender job number name salary
33 1 male 001 Michael 3000
30 2 female 002 Andy 4000
19 3 male 003 Justin 5000
32 1 male 004 John 6000
20 2 female 005 Herry 7000
26 3 male 006 Jack 3000
以“job number”列进行默认排序（升序），并显示排序后的3条记录
age depId gender job number name salary
33 1 male 001 Michael 3000
30 2 female 002 Andy 4000
19 3 male 003 Justin 5000
以“job number”列进行默认排序（升序），并显示排序后的3条记录
age depId gender job number name salary
33 1 male 001 Michael 3000
30 2 female 002 Andy 4000
19 3 male 003 Justin 5000
age depId gender job number name salary
26 3 male 006 Jack 3000
20 2 female 005 Herry 7000
32 1 male 004 John 6000
19 3 male 003 Justin 5000
30 2 female 002 Andy 4000
33 1 male 001 Michael 3000
为员工信息增加一列：等级（“level”）
通过wihtColumns方法增加了新的一列等级信息，列名为“levle”，其中withColumns方法的"level”参数指定了新增列的列名，第二个参数指定了该列的实例，即通过“age”列转换得到新列，而people("age")方法则调用了DataFrame的apply方法，返回"age”列名对应的列。
age depId gender job number name salary level
33 1 male 001 Michael 3000 3.3
30 2 female 002 Andy 4000 3.0
19 3 male 003 Justin 5000 1.9
32 1 male 004 John 6000 3.2
20 2 female 005 Herry 7000 2.0
26 3 male 006 Jack 3000 2.6
修改工号列名
注意，修改的列名必须存在，如果不存在，不会报错，但列名不会修改。
Array[String] = Array( age,deptId,gender,job number,name,salary)
Array[String] = Array( age,deptId,gender,job Id,name,salary)
增加新员工
使用jsonFile方法加载了新员工信息的文件，然后调用people的unionAll方法，将新加载的newPeople合并起来。
查同名员工
这里，我更改下数据，故意有存在同名员工的情况。
首先通过unionAll方法将people和newPeople进行合并，然后使用groupBy方法将合并后的DataFrame按照"name"列进行分组，分组操作会得到一个GroupData类型提供了一组非常有用的统计操作，这里继续调用它的count方法，最终实现对员工名字的分组计数。
groupName:org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame=[name:string,count:bigint]
name count
Justin 1
Jack 1
John 2
Andy 1
Michael 1
Herry 1
Hadoop 1
Storm 1
接着对groupName这个实例，进行过滤操作，使用filter方法，获取“name”列的计数大于1的内容，并以表格形式呈现。
name count
John 2
使用函数式编程范式，对前两个的合并，得到的结果是一样的
name count
Johb 2
分组统计信息
首先针对people的"deptId"列进行分组，分组后得到的GroupData实例继续调用agg方法，分别对"age"列求最大值，对"gender"进行计数。
调用DataFrame的toDF方法，重新命名之前聚合得到的depAgg的全部列名，增加了列名的可读性。
名字去重
首先显示新旧员工信息合并后的"name"列，作为后续去重的比较对象。
通过unionAll新旧员工信息，并只选择其中的"name"列信息后，出现的"name"信息就出现列重复，通过继续调用DataFram的distinct方法后，可以去除重复的记录数据。
对比新旧员工表
分别选取people和newPeople两个员工信息的“name”列，然后通过调用except方法，获取在people中出现、但同时不在newPeople中出现的"name"信息，最后以表格形式显示。
name
Michael
Andy
Justin
Herry
Jack
求“name”的交集，即分别选取people和newPeople两个员工信息的“name”列，然后通过调用intersect方法，获取在people中出现、但同时又在newPeople中出现的“nmae”列，最后以表格形式显示。
name
John
join两个DataFrame实例
people通过调用join方法，基于people的"deptId"列与newPeople的"deptId"列进行outer join联合操作，即外部链接，由于people与newPeople的两个DataFrame中用于联合的列名相同，都是“dept”列，因此，指定联合条件表达式时，需要指出列所属的具体DataFrame实例，否则报错。
保留为表
在对各个DataFrame实例进行操作后，获取了目标信息，如果后续需要这些信息的话，就必须执行持久化操作，即将文件保存到存储系统或表中。
下面给出几种持久化的案例
1) 首先将实例持久化到表中
scala > jionP.saveAsTable(peopleDeplJion")
此时，使用的默认的Hive，没有连接到现有的Hive环境上。
通过调用DataFrame的saveAsTable方法，将实例持久化到hive的“peopleDeplJion”表中。对应地，会在HDFS上构建hive用户的目录，即/user/hive，同时生成hive的仓库目录，即/user/hive/warehouse，每个构建的hive表，都会对应到该仓库下的一个子目录，持久化DataFrame实例后，对应创建列"peopleDeplJion"这个子目录。
表相关的操作，其实还有registerTempTable方法。自行去试试
2） 保存为json文件
scala > hsqlDF.save("/user/harli/hsqlDF.json","json")
通过调用save方法，通过在方法中指定数据源为"json"，可以将DataFrame实例持久化到指定路径上。
3） 保存为parquet文件
scala > hsqlDF.save("/user/harli/hsqlDF.parquet","parquet")
通过调用save方法，通过在方法中指定数据源为“parquet”，可以将DataFrame实例持久化到指定路径上。
附代码和数据
package cn.spark.study.sql
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
import org.apache.spark.SparkContext
import org.apache.spark.sql.SQLContext
import org.apache.log4j.{Level,Logger}
object DataFrameExamples1 {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
val conf = new SparkConf()
.setAppName("DataFrameCreate")
.setMaster("local");
val sc = new SparkContext(conf)
val sqlContext = new SQLContext(sc)
Logger.getLogger("org.apache.spark").setLevel(Level.WARN)
Logger.getLogger("org.apache.spark,sql").setLevel(Level.WARN)
Logger.getLogger("org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql").setLevel(Level.WARN)
/*
* 加载方式一
*/
// val df = sqlContext.read.json("./data/people.json")
// val df = sqlContext.read.json("./data/newPeople.json")
// val df = sqlContext.read.json("./data/department.json")
// df.show()
/*
* 加载方式二
*/
// val people = sqlContext.jsonFile("./data/people.json")
// val newPeople = sqlContext.jsonFile("./data/newPeople.json")
// val department = sqlContext.jsonFile("./data/department.json")
// people.show()
/*
* 加载方式三
*/
val people = sqlContext.load("./data/people.json","json")
val newPeople = sqlContext.load("./data/newPeople.json","json")
// val department = sqlContext.load("./data/department.json","json")
// people.show
// people.show()
// people.show(10)
/*
* DataFrame基本信息的查询
*/
// people.columns.foreach(println)
// people.count
// people.take(3).foreach(println)
// people.toJSON.collect.foreach(println)
// people.toJSON.collect().foreach(println)
/*
* 对员工信息进行条件查询，并输出结果
*/
// > people.filter("gender='male'").count
// > people.filter($"gender" !=== "female").count
// > people.filter($"age" > 25).show
// > people.where($"age" > 25).show
// > people.where($"age" > 25 && $"gender" === "male").show
// > people.where($"age" > 25).show
/*
* 对员工信息进行,以指定的列名，以不同方式进行排序
*/
// > people.sort($"job number".asc,col("deptId").desc).show
// > people.sort($"job number").show(3)
// > people.sort("job number").show(3)
// > people.sort($"job number".asc).show
/*
* 为员工信息增加一列：等级（“level”）
*/
// > people.withColumn("level",people("age")/10).show
/*
* 修改工号列名
*/
// people.columns.foreach(println)
// println
// people.withColumnRenamed("job number","jobId").columns.foreach(println)
/*
* 增加新员工
*/
// val newPeople = sqlContext.read.json("./data/newPeople.json")
// val newPeople = sqlContext.jsonFile("./data/newPeople.json")
// val newPeople = sqlContext.load("./data/newPeople.json","json")
// newPeople.show
// people.unionAll(newPeople).show
/*
* 查同名员工
*/
// > val goupName = people.unionAll(newPeople).groupBy(col("name")).count
// > goupName.show
// > groupName.filter($"count" > 1).show
// > people.unionAll(newPeople).groupBy(col("name")).count.filter($"count" > 1).show
/*
* 分组统计信息
*/
// val depAgg = people.groupBy("deptId")
// .agg(Map( "age" -> "max","gender" -> "count"))
// depAgg.show
// depAgg.toDF("deptId","maxAge","counterGender").show
/*
* 名字去重
*/
// val unionPeople = people.unionAll(newPeople).select("name").show
// val unionPeople = people.unionAll(newPeople).select("name").distinct.show
/*
* 对比新旧员工表
*/
// > people.select("name").except(newPeople.select($"name")).show
// > people.select("name").intersect(newPeople.select($"name")).show
/*
* join两个DataFrame实例
*/
people.show
newPeople.show
people.join(newPeople,people("deptId") === newPeople("deptId"),"outer").show
// > val rnnewPeople = newPeople.withColumnRenamed("deptId","id")
// > val jionP = people.join(rnnewPeople,$"deptId" === $"id","outer")
// > jionP.show
}
}
//people.json
//{"name":"Michael","job number":"001","age":33,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":3000}
//{"name":"Andy","job number":"002","age":30,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":4000}
//{"name":"Justin","job number":"003","age":19,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":5000}
//{"name":"John","job number":"004","age":32,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":6000}
//{"name":"Herry","job number":"005","age":20,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":7000}
//{"name":"Jack","job number":"006","age":26,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":3000}
//newPeople.json
//{"name":"John","job number":"007","age":32,"gender":"male","deptId":1,"salary":4000}
//{"name":"Hadoop","job number":"008","age":20,"gender":"female","deptId":2,"salary":5000}
//{"name":"Storm","job number":"009","age":26,"gender":"male","deptId":3,"salary":6000}
//department.json
//{"name":"Development Dept","deptId":1}
//{"name":"Personnel Dept","deptId":2}
//{"name":"Testing Department","deptId":3}