• leetcode-Word Break II


    Given a string s and a dictionary of words dict, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word.

    Return all such possible sentences.

    For example, given 
    s = “catsanddog”, 
    dict = [“cat”, “cats”, “and”, “sand”, “dog”].

    A solution is [“cats and dog”, “cat sand dog”]. 
    思路分析:这题可以用DFS 搜索递归做,基本是brute force的解法,dfs函数要维护的量包括startIndex,preWords和res,startIndex表示当前进行word break的起点,也就是说前面如果已经被break了,应该排除在外。preWords主要维护目前已经breaked的string前面的部分,后面从startIndex一旦发现新的word可以添加到preWords之后,dfs返回的条件是当startIndex已经越界,也就是>=s.length()了,就把当前得到的word break方案加入res。从题目的实例我们也可以看出,同一个字符串可以有多个word break方案,因此我们从前向后scan 字符串发现第一个可以break的词的时候需要更新preWords进行dfs递归调用。这题是NP问题,时间复杂度为O(2^n)也就是指数级别。 这类DFS递归搜索的题目有很多,除了word break,还有八皇后,Sudoku Solver等等,都是这类题目,在面试中很常见,要多加练习。 
    AC Code:以下是brute force DFS搜索AC的从code。由于LeetCode有一个很长的不能break的测试用例,因此把word break I 判断能否break的函数作为sub routine,先判断一下能否break,如果不能直接返回空容器。

     1 public class Solution {  
     2     public List<String> wordBreak(String s, Set<String> dict) {  
     3         ArrayList<String> res = new ArrayList<String>();  
     4         if(s == null || s.isEmpty() || !wordBreakCanDo(s, dict)){  
     5             return res;  
     6         }  
     7         dfs(s, dict, 0, "", res);  
     8         return res;  
     9     }  
    10       
    11     //10:08  
    12     public void dfs(String s, Set<String> dict, int startIndex, String preWords, ArrayList<String> res){  
    13         if(startIndex >= s.length()){  
    14             //return contition is that the startIndex has been out of bound  
    15             res.add(preWords);  
    16             return;  
    17         }  
    18         for(int i = startIndex; i < s.length(); i++){  
    19             String curStr = s.substring(startIndex, i+1);  
    20             if(dict.contains(curStr)){  
    21                 String newSol;  
    22                 if(preWords.length() > 0){  
    23                     newSol = preWords + " " + curStr;  
    24                 } else {  
    25                     newSol = curStr;  
    26                 }  
    27                 dfs(s, dict, i + 1, newSol, res);  
    28             }  
    29         }  
    30     }  
    31     //1021  
    32       
    33     public boolean wordBreakCanDo(String s, Set<String> dict) {  
    34         s = "#" + s;  
    35         boolean[] canSegmented = new boolean[s.length()];  
    36           
    37         canSegmented[0] = true;  
    38         for(int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++){  
    39             for(int k = 0; k < i; k++){  
    40                 canSegmented[i] = canSegmented[k] && dict.contains(s.substring(k + 1, i + 1));  
    41                 if(canSegmented[i]) break;  
    42             }  
    43         }  
    44         return canSegmented[s.length() - 1];  
    45     }  
    46 }  

    转自:http://blog.csdn.net/yangliuy/article/details/43602313

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zl1991/p/6278977.html
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