[编译] 9、在Linux下搭建 nordic 最新基于 zephyr 的开发烧写环境

目录

• 前言
• 1、概述
• 2、安装工具
• 3、获取 nRF Connect SDK 源码
• 4、安装 Python modules
• 5、安装 toolchain
• 6、下载 nRF Command Line Tools
• 7、编译运行
• 8、烧写
• 9、全自动环境构建脚本
• 链接

前言

nRF Connect SDK 包括 libs 和 app demo，该 SDK + DEMO 是基于 ZephyrOS 实现的（因此，环境搭建会稍微麻烦亿点点）！

该 SDK 支持 nRF52, nRF53, and nRF91 系列芯片。

接下来会一步步介绍如何在 Arch Linux 上搭建该 SDK 的开发环境：

• Zephyr requirements and GNU ARM Embedded Toolchain
• nRF Connect SDK
• SEGGER Embedded Studio

1、概述

首先下载 nRF Connect for Desktop，linux上是个绿色版本，直接启动即可：

然后根据 Getting Started Assistant 指导进行安装。

更详细的指导在（推荐用更详细的指导，因为上面的指导受GUI限制，不能放很详细的说明，新手手动安装，容易出现问题）：
https://developer.nordicsemi.com/nRF_Connect_SDK/doc/latest/nrf/gs_installing.html#build-environment-cli

2、安装工具

安装：git、wget、cmake、make、dtc、tk

注： 输入 cmake --version 校验 cmake 的版本，nRF Connect SDK 需要 cmake 的版本 ≥ 3.13.1。

安装 ninja-build：

Ninja is a small build system with a focus on speed. It differs from other build systems in two major respects: it is designed to have its input files generated by a higher-level build system, and it is designed to run builds as fast as possible.

sudo pacman -S ninja

安装 GPerf：

GNU gperf is a perfect hash function generator. For a given list of strings, it produces a hash function and hash table, in form of C or C++ code, for looking up a value depending on the input string. The hash function is perfect, which means that the hash table has no collisions, and the hash table lookup needs a single string comparison only.

sudo pacman -S gperf

安装 ccache：

Ccache (or “ccache”) is a compiler cache. It speeds up recompilation by caching previous compilations and detecting when the same compilation is being done again. Ccache is free software, released under the GNU General Public License version 3 or later. See also the license page.

sudo pacman -S ccache

安装 dfu-util：

dfu-util is a host side implementation of the DFU 1.0 and DFU 1.1 specifications of the USB forum.

sudo pacman -S dfu-util

安装 python-pip (3)：

sudo pacman -S  python-pip

安装 python-setuptools（3）：

sudo pacman -S python-setuptools

安装 python 轮子工具 python-wheel (3)：

sudo pacman -S python-wheel

安装压缩工具 xz-utils：

sudo pacman -S xz

安装 file （linux 的 file 命令）：

sudo pacman -S file

安装 west：

west 是 ZephyrOS 用来做 CI 的工具。

west 不能pip直接安装，因为安装的版本太老了，0.8.0的，而我们这里需要用最新的版本（0.11.1），因此要拉取源码，自己安装:

git clone git@github.com:zephyrproject-rtos/west.git
cd west
git checkout v0.11.1
sudo pip install .      #一定要sudo

3、获取 nRF Connect SDK 源码

nRF Connect SDK 包含 4 个 GitHub 仓库，设置 nRF Connect SDK，需要将这些仓库都拉取下来，并且安装必要的 python modules。

mkdir ncs
cd ncs
west init -m https://github.com/nrfconnect/sdk-nrf --mr master
west update   #clone the project repositories, long time
west zephyr-export

操作完之后，NCS 的目录结构如下：

ncs
 |___ .west
 |___ bootloader
 |___ modules
 |___ nrf
 |___ nrfxlib
 |___ zephyr
 |___ ...

4、安装 Python modules

cd <sourcecode_root>/ncs
pip3 install --user -r zephyr/scripts/requirements.txt
pip3 install --user -r nrf/scripts/requirements.txt
pip3 install --user -r bootloader/mcuboot/scripts/requirements.txt

5、安装 toolchain

为了实现交叉编译应用程序，我们需要下载安装 GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain。

注意：一定要注意选择的 Toolchain 的版本一定要 ≥ 9-2019-q4-major 版本要求。

设置 toolchain 一般需要如下步骤：

• 下载
• 解压到 ~/gnuarmemb 下（推荐）
• 加入环境变量

#Install the GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain
#https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloads
wget https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu-rm/10.3-2021.07/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2
tar xvf gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2
mv gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.07 gnuarmemb
mv gnuarmemb ~/

export ZEPHYR_TOOLCHAIN_VARIANT=gnuarmemb
export GNUARMEMB_TOOLCHAIN_PATH="~/gnuarmemb"

6、下载 nRF Command Line Tools

The nRF Command Line Tools is used for development, programming and debugging of Nordic Semiconductor's nRF51, nRF52, nRF53 and nRF91 Series devices.

主要功能：

• nrfjprog executable - tool for programming through SEGGER J-LINK programmers and debuggers
• mergehex executable - enables you to combine up to three .HEX files into one single file
• nrfjprog DLL - a DLL that exports functions for programming and controlling nRF51, nRF52, nRF53 and nRF91 Series devices and lets developers create their own development tools using the DLLs API
• SEGGER J-Link software and documentation pack

我们主要用其 nrfjprog 烧写固件。

https://www.nordicsemi.com/Products/Development-tools/nRF-Command-Line-Tools/Download#infotabs

nordic 将其工具弄个俄罗斯套娃，大家直接看命令：

#Install nRF-command-Line-Tools
wget https://www.nordicsemi.com/-/media/Software-and-other-downloads/Desktop-software/nRF-command-line-tools/sw/Versions-10-x-x/10-13-0/nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0_Linux64.zip
unzip nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0_Linux64.zip
cd nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0_Linux64
tar -xzf nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0_Linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0.tar
mv nrfjprog ~/
export PATH=${HOME}/nrfjprog:"$PATH" 

注：可能会报下面的错误：

-- west flash: using runner nrfjprog
ERROR: JLinkARM DLL is invalid. Please reinstall latest JLinkARM DLL.
FATAL ERROR: command exited with status 31: nrfjprog --ids
make[3]: *** [zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash.dir/build.make:72: zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash] Error 31
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:4072: zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:4079: zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash.dir/rule] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:878: flash] Error 2

需要安装 Jlink：yaourt -S jlink (网速要好！！！)

make flash 时报错
-- runners.nrfjprog: Flashing file: /home/btfz/Desktop/apple/ncs/nrf/samples/bluetooth/peripheral_bms/build/zephyr/zephyr.hex
ERROR: JLinkARM DLL reported an error. Try again. If error condition
ERROR: persists, run the same command again with argument --log, contact Nordic
ERROR: Semiconductor and provide the generated log.log file to them.
FATAL ERROR: command exited with status 33: nrfjprog --program /home/btfz/Desktop/apple/ncs/nrf/samples/bluetooth/peripheral_bms/build/zephyr/zephyr.hex --sectoranduicrerase -f NRF52 --snr 682428062
make[3]: *** [zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash.dir/build.make:72: zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash] Error 33
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:4072: zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:4079: zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash.dir/rule] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:878: flash] Error 2

需要用 sudo 权限运行 nrfjprog --program /home/btfz/Desktop/apple/ncs/nrf/samples/bluetooth/peripheral_bms/build/zephyr/zephyr.hex --sectoranduicrerase -f NRF52 --snr 682428062

7、编译运行

➜  ncs cd nrf/samples/bluetooth/peripheral_bms/
➜  peripheral_bms git:(master) source ../../../../zephyr/zephyr-env.sh 
➜  peripheral_bms git:(master) rm -rf build && mkdir build && cd build  && cmake -DBOARD=nrf52dk_nrf52832 .. && make

...

[ 94%] Building C object modules/segger/CMakeFiles/modules__segger.dir/home/btfz/Desktop/apple/ncs/modules/debug/segger/SEGGER/SEGGER_RTT.c.obj
[ 94%] Building C object modules/segger/CMakeFiles/modules__segger.dir/SEGGER_RTT_zephyr.c.obj
[ 95%] Linking C static library libmodules__segger.a
[ 95%] Built target modules__segger
[ 95%] Building C object zephyr/CMakeFiles/zephyr_prebuilt.dir/misc/empty_file.c.obj
[ 96%] Linking C executable zephyr_prebuilt.elf
Logical command for additional byproducts on target: zephyr_prebuilt

[ 96%] Built target zephyr_prebuilt
Scanning dependencies of target linker_zephyr_final_script_target
[ 96%] Generating linker.cmd
[ 96%] Built target linker_zephyr_final_script_target
[ 96%] Generating isr_tables.c, isrList.bin
[ 97%] Generating dev_handles.c
[ 97%] Building C object zephyr/CMakeFiles/zephyr_final.dir/misc/empty_file.c.obj
[ 98%] Building C object zephyr/CMakeFiles/zephyr_final.dir/isr_tables.c.obj
[ 98%] Building C object zephyr/CMakeFiles/zephyr_final.dir/dev_handles.c.obj
[100%] Linking C executable zephyr.elf
Memory region         Used Size  Region Size  %age Used
           FLASH:      168248 B       512 KB     32.09%
            SRAM:       29325 B        64 KB     44.75%
        IDT_LIST:          0 GB         2 KB      0.00%
Generating files from zephyr.elf for board: nrf52dk_nrf52832
[100%] Built target zephyr_final

8、烧写

烧写直接用 sudo make flash，注意一定要用 sudo，此外，在安装 west 的时候也一定要用 sudo，否则会报如下错误：

/usr/bin/python3.9: No module named west
make[3]: *** [zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash.dir/build.make:72: zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash] Error 1
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:4072: zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:4079: zephyr/cmake/flash/CMakeFiles/flash.dir/rule] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:878: flash] Error 2

9、全自动环境构建脚本

以我的风格，必须要写一个自动化构建环境脚本：（运行该脚本时，务必保证网速到位！！！）

#!/bin/bash
#https://developer.nordicsemi.com/nRF_Connect_SDK/doc/latest/nrf/gs_installing.html#id10

CUR_PATH=$(cd `dirname $0`; pwd)
TOOLS_PATH=$CUR_PATH/tools
NCS_PATH=$CUR_PATH/ncs

mkdir $TOOLS_PATH
#Install the required tools
sudo pacman -S git cmake ninja gperf ccache dfu-util dtc wget 
    python-pip python-setuptools python-wheel tk xz file make cmake

cmake --version
dtc --version
python3 --version

#To install the GN tool, complete the following steps:
mkdir $TOOLS_PATH/gn && cd $TOOLS_PATH/gn
wget -O gn.zip https://chrome-infra-packages.appspot.com/dl/gn/gn/linux-amd64/+/latest
unzip gn.zip
rm gn.zip

export PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/gn:"$PATH" 


#Install west
mkdir $TOOLS_PATH/west && cd $TOOLS_PATH/west
git clone git@github.com:zephyrproject-rtos/west.git
cd west
git checkout v0.11.1
sudo pip install .  ###mast sudo 

#Install the GNU Arm Embedded Toolchain
#https://developer.arm.com/tools-and-software/open-source-software/developer-tools/gnu-toolchain/gnu-rm/downloads
cd $TOOLS_PATH
wget https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/downloads/gnu-rm/10.3-2021.07/gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2
tar xvf gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.07-x86_64-linux.tar.bz2
mv gcc-arm-none-eabi-10.3-2021.07 gnuarmemb

export ZEPHYR_TOOLCHAIN_VARIANT=gnuarmemb
export GNUARMEMB_TOOLCHAIN_PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/gnuarmemb


#Install nRF-command-Line-Tools
cd $TOOLS_PATH
wget https://www.nordicsemi.com/-/media/Software-and-other-downloads/Desktop-software/nRF-command-line-tools/sw/Versions-10-x-x/10-13-0/nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0_Linux64.zip
unzip nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0_Linux64.zip
cd nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0_Linux64
tar -xzf nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0_Linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0.tar
mv nrfjprog ../

export PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/nrfjprog:"$PATH" 

#Install JLink
tar zxvf JLink_Linux_V750a_x86_64.tgz
mv JLink_Linux_V750a_x86_64 ../JLink
export PATH=$TOOLS_PATH/JLink:"$PATH" 

cd ..
rm -rf nRF-Command-Line-Tools_10_13_0_Linux64

#Get the nRF Connect SDK code
mkdir $NCS_PATH && cd $NCS_PATH
west init -m https://github.com/nrfconnect/sdk-nrf --mr master
west update
west zephyr-export

tree -L 1

#Install additional Python dependencies
pip3 install --user -r zephyr/scripts/requirements.txt
pip3 install --user -r nrf/scripts/requirements.txt
pip3 install --user -r bootloader/mcuboot/scripts/requirements.txt

链接

• [1]. NORDIC 手动安装指导
• [2]. nRF Command Line Tools
• [3]. 在linux上安装Zephyr-OS并跑DEMO
• [4]. 参考 nrf_linux_tool/tool/run.sh
• [5]. ninj 介绍
• [6]. ccache 介绍
• [7]. dfu-util 介绍

---

: ** 我做了一系列全自动构建编译环境的工程，目前可以覆盖：51单片机、stm8、esp8266、esp32、nrf51822、nrf52832、android，欢迎到我的 nbtool github 下交流：https://github.com/nbtool **