• ES--05


    第四十一讲!分词器内部组成 内置分词器

    课程大纲

    1、什么是分词器

    切分词语,normalization(提升recall召回率)

    给你一段句子,然后将这段句子拆分成一个一个的单个的单词,同时对每个单词进行normalization(时态转换,单复数转换),分词器
    recall,召回率:搜索的时候,增加能够搜索到的结果的数量

    character filter:在一段文本进行分词之前,先进行预处理,比如说最常见的就是,过滤html标签(<span>hello<span> --> hello),& --> and(I&you --> I and you)
    tokenizer:分词,hello you and me --> hello, you, and, me
    token filter:lowercase,stop word,synonymom,dogs --> dog,liked --> like,Tom --> tom,a/the/an --> 干掉,mother --> mom,small --> little

    一个分词器,很重要,将一段文本进行各种处理,最后处理好的结果才会拿去建立倒排索引

    2、内置分词器的介绍

    Set the shape to semi-transparent by calling set_trans(5)

    standard analyzer:set, the, shape, to, semi, transparent, by, calling, set_trans, 5(默认的是standard)
    simple analyzer:set, the, shape, to, semi, transparent, by, calling, set, trans
    whitespace analyzer:Set, the, shape, to, semi-transparent, by, calling, set_trans(5)
    language analyzer(特定的语言的分词器,比如说,english,英语分词器):set, shape, semi, transpar, call, set_tran, 5

     第四十二讲!query string分词 以及 mapping

    课程大纲

    1、query string分词

    query string必须以和index建立时相同的analyzer进行分词
    query string对exact value和full text的区别对待

    date:exact value
    _all:full text

    比如我们有一个document,其中有一个field,包含的value是:hello you and me,建立倒排索引
    我们要搜索这个document对应的index,搜索文本是hell me,这个搜索文本就是query string
    query string,默认情况下,es会使用它对应的field建立倒排索引时相同的分词器去进行分词,分词和normalization,只有这样,才能实现正确的搜索

    我们建立倒排索引的时候,将dogs --> dog,结果你搜索的时候,还是一个dogs,那不就搜索不到了吗?所以搜索的时候,那个dogs也必须变成dog才行。才能搜索到。

    知识点:不同类型的field,可能有的就是full text,有的就是exact value

    post_date,date:exact value
    _all:full text,分词,normalization

    2、mapping引入案例遗留问题大揭秘

    GET /_search?q=2017

    搜索的是_all field,document所有的field都会拼接成一个大串,进行分词

    2017-01-02 my second article this is my second article in this website 11400

    _all,2017,自然会搜索到3个docuemnt

    GET /_search?q=2017-01-01

    _all,2017-01-01,query string会用跟建立倒排索引一样的分词器去进行分词

    2017
    01
    01

    GET /_search?q=post_date:2017-01-01

    date,会作为exact value去建立索引

    post_date:2017-01-01,2017-01-01,doc1一条document

    GET /_search?q=post_date:2017,这个在这里不讲解,因为是es 5.2以后做的一个优化

    3、测试分词器

    GET /_analyze
    {
    "analyzer": "standard",
    "text": "Text to analyze"
    }

    第四十三讲!mapping

    课程大纲

    (1)往es里面直接插入数据,es会自动建立索引,同时建立type以及对应的mapping
    (2)mapping中就自动定义了每个field的数据类型
    (3)不同的数据类型(比如说text和date),可能有的是exact value,有的是full text
    (4)exact value,在建立倒排索引的时候,分词的时候,是将整个值一起作为一个关键词建立到倒排索引中的;full text,会经历各种各样的处理,分词,normaliztion(时态转换,同义词转换,大小写转换),才会建立到倒排索引中
    (5)同时呢,exact value和full text类型的field就决定了,在一个搜索过来的时候,对exact value field或者是full text field进行搜索的行为也是不一样的,会跟建立倒排索引的行为保持一致;比如说exact value搜索的时候,就是直接按照整个值进行匹配,full text query string,也会进行分词和normalization再去倒排索引中去搜索
    (6)可以用es的dynamic mapping,让其自动建立mapping,包括自动设置数据类型;也可以提前手动创建index和type的mapping,自己对各个field进行设置,包括数据类型,包括索引行为,包括分词器,等等

    mapping,就是index的type的元数据,每个type都有一个自己的mapping,决定了数据类型,建立倒排索引的行为,还有进行搜索的行为

    第四十四讲!44.初识搜索引擎_mapping的核心数据类型以及dynamic mapping

    课程大纲

    1、核心的数据类型

    string
    byte,short,integer,long
    float,double
    boolean
    date

    2、dynamic mapping

    true or false --> boolean
    123 --> long
    123.45 --> double
    2017-01-01 --> date
    "hello world" --> string/text

    3、查看mapping

    GET /index/_mapping/type

    第四十五讲!45.初识搜索引擎_手动建立和修改mapping以及定制string类型数据是否分词

    课程大纲

    1、如何建立索引

    analyzed
    not_analyzed
    no

    2、修改mapping

    只能创建index时手动建立mapping,或者新增field mapping,但是不能update field mapping

    PUT /website
    {
    "mappings": {
    "article": {
    "properties": {
    "author_id": {
    "type": "long"
    },
    "title": {
    "type": "text",
    "analyzer": "english"
    },
    "content": {
    "type": "text"
    },
    "post_date": {
    "type": "date"
    },
    "publisher_id": {
    "type": "text",
    "index": "not_analyzed"
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }

    PUT /website
    {
    "mappings": {
    "article": {
    "properties": {
    "author_id": {
    "type": "text"
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }

    {
    "error": {
    "root_cause": [
    {
    "type": "index_already_exists_exception",
    "reason": "index [website/co1dgJ-uTYGBEEOOL8GsQQ] already exists",
    "index_uuid": "co1dgJ-uTYGBEEOOL8GsQQ",
    "index": "website"
    }
    ],
    "type": "index_already_exists_exception",
    "reason": "index [website/co1dgJ-uTYGBEEOOL8GsQQ] already exists",
    "index_uuid": "co1dgJ-uTYGBEEOOL8GsQQ",
    "index": "website"
    },
    "status": 400
    }

    PUT /website/_mapping/article
    {
    "properties" : {
    "new_field" : {
    "type" : "string",
    "index": "not_analyzed"
    }
    }
    }

    "index":true /false

    3、测试mapping

    GET /website/_analyze
    {
    "field": "content",
    "text": "my-dogs"
    }

    GET website/_analyze
    {
    "field": "new_field",
    "text": "my dogs"
    }

    {
    "error": {
    "root_cause": [
    {
    "type": "remote_transport_exception",
    "reason": "[4onsTYV][127.0.0.1:9300][indices:admin/analyze[s]]"
    }
    ],
    "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
    "reason": "Can't process field [new_field], Analysis requests are only supported on tokenized fields"
    },
    "status": 400
    }

    第46讲!46.初识搜索引擎_mapping复杂数据类型以及object类型数据底层结构大揭秘

    课程大纲

    1、multivalue field

    { "tags": [ "tag1", "tag2" ]}

    建立索引时与string是一样的,数据类型不能混

    2、empty field

    null,[],[null]

    3、object field

    PUT /company/employee/1
    {
    "address": {
    "country": "china",
    "province": "guangdong",
    "city": "guangzhou"
    },
    "name": "jack",
    "age": 27,
    "join_date": "2017-01-01"
    }

    address:object类型

    {
    "company": {
    "mappings": {
    "employee": {
    "properties": {
    "address": {
    "properties": {
    "city": {
    "type": "text",
    "fields": {
    "keyword": {
    "type": "keyword",
    "ignore_above": 256
    }
    }
    },
    "country": {
    "type": "text",
    "fields": {
    "keyword": {
    "type": "keyword",
    "ignore_above": 256
    }
    }
    },
    "province": {
    "type": "text",
    "fields": {
    "keyword": {
    "type": "keyword",
    "ignore_above": 256
    }
    }
    }
    }
    },
    "age": {
    "type": "long"
    },
    "join_date": {
    "type": "date"
    },
    "name": {
    "type": "text",
    "fields": {
    "keyword": {
    "type": "keyword",
    "ignore_above": 256
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }

    object数据结构

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    {
    "address": {
    "country": "china",
    "province": "guangdong",
    "city": "guangzhou"
    },
    "name": "jack",
    "age": 27,
    "join_date": "2017-01-01"
    }

    {
    "name": [jack],
    "age": [27],
    "join_date": [2017-01-01],
    "address.country": [china],
    "address.province": [guangdong],
    "address.city": [guangzhou]
    }

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    变为列式存储

    {
    "authors": [
    { "age": 26, "name": "Jack White"},
    { "age": 55, "name": "Tom Jones"},
    { "age": 39, "name": "Kitty Smith"}
    ]
    }

    {
    "authors.age": [26, 55, 39],
    "authors.name": [jack, white, tom, jones, kitty, smith]
    }

    第 47讲.初识搜索引擎_search api的基础语法介绍

    课程大纲

    1、search api的基本语法

    GET /search
    {}

    GET /index1,index2/type1,type2/search
    {}

    GET /_search
    {
    "from": 0,
    "size": 10
    }

    2、http协议中get是否可以带上request body

    HTTP协议,一般不允许get请求带上request body,但是因为get更加适合描述查询数据的操作,因此还是这么用了

    GET /_search?from=0&size=10

    POST /_search
    {
    "from":0,
    "size":10
    }

    碰巧,很多浏览器,或者是服务器,也都支持GET+request body模式

    如果遇到不支持的场景,也可以用POST /_search

    第48讲.初识搜索引擎_快速上机动手实战Query DSL搜索语法

    课程大纲

    1、一个例子让你明白什么是Query DSL

    GET /_search
    {
    "query": {
    "match_all": {}
    }
    }

    2、Query DSL的基本语法

    {
    QUERY_NAME: {
    ARGUMENT: VALUE,
    ARGUMENT: VALUE,...
    }
    }

    {
    QUERY_NAME: {
    FIELD_NAME: {
    ARGUMENT: VALUE,
    ARGUMENT: VALUE,...
    }
    }
    }

    示例:

    GET /test_index/test_type/_search
    {
    "query": {
    "match": {
    "test_field": "test"
    }
    }
    }

    3、如何组合多个搜索条件

    搜索需求:title必须包含elasticsearch,content可以包含elasticsearch也可以不包含,author_id必须不为111

    {
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
    {
    "_index": "website",
    "_type": "article",
    "_id": "2",
    "_score": 1,
    "_source": {
    "title": "my hadoop article",
    "content": "hadoop is very bad",
    "author_id": 111
    }
    },
    {
    "_index": "website",
    "_type": "article",
    "_id": "1",
    "_score": 1,
    "_source": {
    "title": "my elasticsearch article",
    "content": "es is very bad",
    "author_id": 110
    }
    },
    {
    "_index": "website",
    "_type": "article",
    "_id": "3",
    "_score": 1,
    "_source": {
    "title": "my elasticsearch article",
    "content": "es is very goods",
    "author_id": 111
    }
    }
    ]
    }
    }

    GET /website/article/_search
    {
    "query": {
    "bool": {
    "must": [
    {
    "match": {
    "title": "elasticsearch"
    }
    }
    ],
    "should": [
    {
    "match": {
    "content": "elasticsearch"
    }
    }
    ],
    "must_not": [
    {
    "match": {
    "author_id": 111
    }
    }
    ]
    }
    }
    }

    GET /test_index/_search
    {
    "query": {
    "bool": {
    "must": { "match": { "name": "tom" }},
    "should": [
    { "match": { "hired": true }},
    { "bool": {
    "must": { "match": { "personality": "good" }},
    "must_not": { "match": { "rude": true }}
    }}
    ],
    "minimum_should_match": 1
    }
    }
    }

     第49.初识搜索引擎_filter与query深入对比解密:相关度,性能

    课程大纲

    1、filter与query示例

    PUT /company/employee/2
    {
    "address": {
    "country": "china",
    "province": "jiangsu",
    "city": "nanjing"
    },
    "name": "tom",
    "age": 30,
    "join_date": "2016-01-01"
    }

    PUT /company/employee/3
    {
    "address": {
    "country": "china",
    "province": "shanxi",
    "city": "xian"
    },
    "name": "marry",
    "age": 35,
    "join_date": "2015-01-01"
    }

    搜索请求:年龄必须大于等于30,同时join_date必须是2016-01-01

    GET /company/employee/_search
    {
    "query": {
    "bool": {
    "must": [
    {
    "match": {
    "join_date": "2016-01-01"
    }
    }
    ],
    "filter": {
    "range": {
    "age": {
    "gte": 30
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }

    2、filter与query对比大解密

    filter,仅仅只是按照搜索条件过滤出需要的数据而已,不计算任何相关度分数,对相关度没有任何影响
    query,会去计算每个document相对于搜索条件的相关度,并按照相关度进行排序

    一般来说,如果你是在进行搜索,需要将最匹配搜索条件的数据先返回,那么用query;如果你只是要根据一些条件筛选出一部分数据,不关注其排序,那么用filter
    除非是你的这些搜索条件,你希望越符合这些搜索条件的document越排在前面返回,那么这些搜索条件要放在query中;如果你不希望一些搜索条件来影响你的document排序,那么就放在filter中即可

    3、filter与query性能

    filter,不需要计算相关度分数,不需要按照相关度分数进行排序,同时还有内置的自动cache最常使用filter的数据
    query,相反,要计算相关度分数,按照分数进行排序,而且无法cache结果

     第50.初识搜索引擎_上机动手实战常用的各种query搜索语法

    课程大纲

    1、match all

    GET /_search
    {
    "query": {
    "match_all": {}
    }
    }

    2、match

    GET /_search
    {
    "query": { "match": { "title": "my elasticsearch article" }}
    }

    3、multi match

    GET /test_index/test_type/_search
    {
    "query": {
    "multi_match": {
    "query": "test",
    "fields": ["test_field", "test_field1"]
    }
    }
    }

    4、range query

    GET /company/employee/_search
    {
    "query": {
    "range": {
    "age": {
    "gte": 30
    }
    }
    }
    }

    5、term query

    match会将test 和 hello分为两个词进行查询  term不会分词 只查找test hello

    GET /test_index/test_type/_search
    {
    "query": {
    "term": {
    "test_field": "test hello"
    }
    }
    }

    6、terms query

    GET /_search
    {
    "query": { "terms": { "tag": [ "search", "full_text", "nosql" ] }}
    }

    7、exist query(2.x中的查询,现在已经不提供了)

  • 相关阅读:
    C++ 指针 new delete int*与string
    61.Android适配的那些P事(转)
    60.Android通用流行框架大全
    Android Studio配置指南总结
    大数据学习资源(下)
    大数据学习资源(上)
    59.Android开源项目及库 (转)
    Linux 简介
    7款应用最广泛的Linux桌面环境盘点
    58. Android一些开发习惯总结
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhy-study/p/9268778.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知