python_scrapy_爬虫

 python ,  scrapy框架入门 , xpath解析, 文件存储,  json存储. 

涉及到详情页爬取, 

 目录结构:

 kaoshi_bqg.py

import scrapy
from scrapy.spiders import Rule
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from ..items import BookBQGItem


class KaoshiBqgSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'kaoshi_bqg'
    allowed_domains = ['biquge5200.cc']
    start_urls = ['https://www.biquge5200.cc/xuanhuanxiaoshuo/']

    rules = (
        # 编写匹配文章列表的规则
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'https://www.biquge5200.cc/xuanhuanxiaoshuo/'), follow=True),
        # 匹配文章详情
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=r'.+/[0-9]{1-3}_[0-9]{2-6}/'), callback='parse_item', follow=False),
    )

    # 小书书名
    def parse(self, response):
        a_list = response.xpath('//*[@id="newscontent"]/div[1]/ul//li//span[1]/a')
        for li in a_list:
            name = li.xpath(".//text()").get()
            detail_url = li.xpath(".//@href").get()
            yield scrapy.Request(url=detail_url, callback=self.parse_book, meta={'info': name})

    #  单本书所有的章节名
    def parse_book(self, response):
        name = response.meta.get('info')
        list_a = response.xpath('//*[@id="list"]/dl/dd[position()>20]//a')
        for li in list_a:
            chapter = li.xpath(".//text()").get()
            url = li.xpath(".//@href").get()
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse_content, meta={'info': (name, chapter)})

    # 每章节内容
    def parse_content(self, response):
        name, chapter = response.meta.get('info')
        content = response.xpath('//*[@id="content"]//p/text()').getall()
        item = BookBQGItem(name=name, chapter=chapter, content=content)
        yield item

xmly.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from ..items import BookXMLYItem, BookChapterItem


class XmlySpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'xmly'
    allowed_domains = ['ximalaya.com']
    start_urls = ['https://www.ximalaya.com/youshengshu/wenxue/']

    def parse(self, response):
        div_details = response.xpath('//*[@id="root"]/main/section/div/div/div[3]/div[1]/div/div[2]/ul/li/div')
        # details = div_details[::3]
        for details in div_details:
            book_id = details.xpath('./div/a/@href').get().split('/')[-2]
            book_name = details.xpath('./a[1]/@title').get()
            book_author = details.xpath('./a[2]/text()').get()  # 作者
            book_url = details.xpath('./div/a/@href').get()
            url = 'https://www.ximalaya.com' + book_url
            # print(book_id, book_name, book_author, url)
            item = BookXMLYItem(book_id=book_id, book_name=book_name, book_author=book_author, book_url=url)
            yield item
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse_details, meta={'info': book_id})

    def parse_details(self, response):
        book_id = response.meta.get('info')
        div_details = response.xpath('//*[@id="anchor_sound_list"]/div[2]/ul/li/div[2]')
        for details in div_details:
            chapter_id = details.xpath('./a/@href').get().split('/')[-1]
            chapter_name = details.xpath('./a/text()').get()
            chapter_url = details.xpath('./a/@href').get()
            url = 'https://www.ximalaya.com' + chapter_url
            item = BookChapterItem(book_id=book_id, chapter_id=chapter_id, chapter_name=chapter_name, chapter_url=url)
            yield item

item.py

import scrapy


# 笔趣阁字段
class BookBQGItem(scrapy.Item):
    name = scrapy.Field()
    chapter = scrapy.Field()
    content = scrapy.Field()


# 喜马拉雅 字段
class BookXMLYItem(scrapy.Item):
    book_name = scrapy.Field()
    book_id = scrapy.Field()
    book_url = scrapy.Field()
    book_author = scrapy.Field()


# 喜马拉雅详情字段
class BookChapterItem(scrapy.Item):
    book_id = scrapy.Field()
    chapter_id = scrapy.Field()
    chapter_name = scrapy.Field()
    chapter_url = scrapy.Field()

pipelines.py

from scrapy.exporters import JsonLinesItemExporter
import os


class BqgPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        xs = '小说集'
        name = item['name']
        xs_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), xs)
        fiction_path = os.path.join(xs_path, name)
        # print(os.path.dirname(__file__))  D:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/wh1901/biquge.com
        # print(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))) D:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/wh1901
        if not os.path.exists(xs_path):  # 如果目录不存在
            os.mkdir(xs_path)
        if not os.path.exists(fiction_path):
            os.mkdir(fiction_path)  # 创建目录
        chapter = item['chapter']
        content = item['content']
        file_path = os.path.join(fiction_path, chapter) + '.txt'  # 在 该目录下面创建 xx .txt 文件
        with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
            fp.write(content + '
')
            print('保存成功')

# class XmlyPipeline(object):
#     def __init__(self):
#         self.fp = open("xmly.json", 'wb')
#         #  JsonLinesItemExporter 调度器
#         self.exporter = JsonLinesItemExporter(self.fp, ensure_ascii=False)
#
#     def process_item(self, item, spider):
#         self.exporter.export_item(item)
#         return item
#
#     def close_item(self):
#         self.fp.close()
#         print("爬虫结束")

starts.py

from scrapy import cmdline

cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl kaoshi_bqg".split())
# cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl xmly".split())

然后是爬取到的数据

小说

 

 xmly.json

• 记录一下爬取过程中遇到的一点点问题:
  • 在爬取详情页的的时候, 刚开始不知道怎么获取详情页的 url 以及 上一个页面拿到的字段
  • 
    　
  也就是 yield 返回 请求详情页 里面的参数没有很好地理解
  • meta：从其他请求传过来的meta属性，可以用来保持多个请求之间的数据连接。
  • url：这个request对象发送请求的url。
  • callback：在下载器下载完相应的数据后执行的回调函数。