• Android 自定义属性(attrs.xml,TypedArray)


    做Android布局是件很享受的事,这得益于他良好的xml方式。使用xml可以快速有效的为软件定义界面。可是有时候我们总感觉官方定义的一些基本组 件不够用,自定义组件就不可避免了。那么如何才能做到像官方提供的那些组件一样用xml来定义他的属性呢?现在我们就来讨论一下他的用法。
    1、添加文件attrs.xml,位于resvalues目录下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
    <resources> 
        <declare-styleable name="myView"> 
            <attr name="textColor" format="color"/> 
            <attr name="textSize" format="dimension"/> 
        </declare-styleable> 
    </resources>

    2、创建自定义控件:

    package com.szy.custom; 
     
    import com.szy.custom.R; 
     
    import android.content.Context; 
    import android.content.res.TypedArray; 
    import android.graphics.Canvas; 
    import android.graphics.Color; 
    import android.graphics.Paint; 
    import android.graphics.Rect; 
    import android.graphics.Paint.Style; 
    import android.util.AttributeSet; 
    import android.view.View; 
     
    public class MyView extends View { 
        private Paint myPaint; 
        private static final String myString = "Hello CustomView!"; 
     
        public MyView(Context context) { 
            super(context); 
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub 
         } 
         
        public MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attr) { 
            super(context, attr); 
             myPaint = new Paint(); 
             TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attr, R.styleable.myView);//TypedArray是一个数组容器 
            float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.myView_textSize, 30);//防止在XML文件里没有定义,就加上了默认值30 
            int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.myView_textColor, 0xFFFFFFFF);//同上,这里的属性是:名字_属性名 
             myPaint.setTextSize(textSize); 
             myPaint.setColor(textColor); 
             a.recycle();//我的理解是:返回以前取回的属性,供以后使用。以前取回的可能就是textSize和textColor初始化的那段 
         } 
        @Override 
        protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { 
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub 
            super.onDraw(canvas); 
            //myPaint = new Paint(); 
             myPaint.setColor(Color.RED); 
             myPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL); 
             
             canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10,10,100,100), myPaint); 
             myPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE); 
             canvas.drawText(myString, 10, 100, myPaint); 
         } 
    }

    3、在Activity布局文件中使用自定义控件:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</a>" 
        xmlns:test="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom</a>" 
        android:orientation="vertical" 
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
        android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
        > 
    <TextView   
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:text="@string/hello" 
        /> 
    <com.adnroid.test.MyView 
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
        android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
        test:textSize="10px" 
        test:textColor="#fff" 
        /> 
    </LinearLayout>
    附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解
    1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                       <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                 <ImageView
                         android:layout_width = "42dip"
                         android:layout_height = "42dip"
                         android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
                         />
    2. color:颜色值。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                       <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                <TextView
                         android:layout_width = "42dip"
                         android:layout_height = "42dip"
                         android:textColor = "#00FF00"
                         />
    3. boolean:布尔值。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                       <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                <Button
                        android:layout_width = "42dip"
                        android:layout_height = "42dip"
                        android:focusable = "true"
                        />
    4. dimension:尺寸值。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                       <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                <Button
                        android:layout_width = "42dip"
                        android:layout_height = "42dip"
                        />
    5. float:浮点值。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
                       <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                       <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                <alpha
                       android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
                       android:toAlpha = "0.7"
                       />
    6. integer:整型值。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
                       <attr name = "visible" />
                       <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                       <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
                       <attr name = "pivotX" />
                       <attr name = "pivotY" />
                       <attr name = "drawable" />
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                <animated-rotate
                       xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                       android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID" 
                       android:pivotX = "50%" 
                       android:pivotY = "50%" 
                       android:framesCount = "12" 
                       android:frameDuration = "100"
                       />
    7. string:字符串。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name = "MapView">
                       <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                <com.google.android.maps.MapView
                        android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                        android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                        android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
                        />
    8. fraction:百分数。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
                       <attr name = "visible" />
                       <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
                       <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
                       <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                       <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
                       <attr name = "drawable" />
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                <rotate  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                   android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
                     android:fromDegrees = "0"
                   android:toDegrees = "360"
                     android:pivotX = "200%"
                     android:pivotY = "300%"
                   android:duration = "5000"
                     android:repeatMode = "restart"
                     android:repeatCount = "infinite"
                       />
    9. enum:枚举值。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name="名称">
                       <attr name="orientation">
                              <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                              <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                       </attr>           
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                <LinearLayout
                        xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                        android:orientation = "vertical"
                        android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
                        android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
                        >
                </LinearLayout>
    10. flag:位或运算。
         (1)属性定义:
                 <declare-styleable name="名称">
                        <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                                <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                                <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                                <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                                <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                                <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
                                <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
                                <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
                                <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
                                <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
                                <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
                         </attr>        
                 </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                <activity
                       android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
                       android:label = "@string/app_name"
                       android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
                       <intent-filter>
                              <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                              <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                       </intent-filter>
    
                 </activity>
         注意:
         属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
        (1)属性定义:
                <declare-styleable name = "名称">
                       <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
                </declare-styleable>2)属性使用:
                 <ImageView
                         android:layout_width = "42dip"
                         android:layout_height = "42dip"
                         android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
                         />
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhujiabin/p/4538032.html
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