kubernetes高可用集群安装（二进制安装、v1.20.2版）

1.kubernetes的五个组件
master节点的三个组件
kube-apiserver
整个集群的唯一入口，并提供认证、授权、访问控制、API注册和发现等机制。
kube-controller-manager (控制器管理器)
负责维护集群的状态，比如故障检测、自动扩展、滚动更新等。保证资源到达期望值。
kube-scheduler
调度器
经过策略调度POD到合适的节点上面运行。分别有预选策略和优选策略。
node节点的两个组件
kubelet
在集群节点上运行的代理，kubelet会通过各种机制来确保容器处于运行状态且健康。kubelet不会管理不是由kubernetes创建的容器。kubelet接收POD的期望状态（副本数、镜像、网络等），并调用容器运行环境来实现预期状态。
kubelet会定时汇报节点的状态给apiserver，作为scheduler调度的基础。kubelet会对镜像和容器进行清理，避免不必要的文件资源占用。
kube-proxy
kube-proxy是集群中节点上运行的网络代理，是实现service资源功能组件之一。kube-proxy建立了POD网络和集群网络之间的关系。不同node上的service流量转发规则会通过kube-proxy来调用apiserver访问etcd进行规则更新。
service流量调度方式有三种方式：userspace（废弃，性能很差）、iptables（性能差，复杂，即将废弃）、ipvs（性能好，转发方式清晰）。
2.集群架构

角色	ip(vip 10.252.4.10)	组件
km1	10.252.4.11	kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd,nginx,keepalived
km2	10.252.4.12	kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler，etcd,nginx,keepalived
kn1	10.252.4.13	kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd
kn2	10.252.4.14	kubelet，kube-proxy，docker etcd
dev	10.252.4.2	nfsdnsdocker

3. 搭建集群

3.1 机器基本配置
以下配置在5台机器上面操作

3.1.1 修改主机名
修改主机名称：km1、km2 ode1、node2

3.1.2 配置hosts文件
修改机器的/etc/hosts文件

cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
10.252.4.11 km1
10.252.4.12 km2
10.252.4.14 kn1
10.252.4.15 kn2
EOF

3.1.3 关闭防火墙和selinux

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

3.1.4 关闭交换分区
swapoff -a
永久关闭，修改/etc/fstab,注释掉swap一行

3.1.5 时间同步

yum install -y chrony
systemctl start chronyd
systemctl enable chronyd
chronyc sources

3.1.6 修改内核参数

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system

3.1.7 加载ipvs模块

modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4
lsmod | grep ip_vs
lsmod | grep nf_conntrack_ipv4
yum install -y ipvsadm

3.2 配置工作目录
每台机器都需要配置证书文件、组件的配置文件、组件的服务启动文件，现专门选择 km1 来统一生成这些文件，然后再分发到其他机器。以下操作在 km1 上进行

[root@km1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/work
注：该目录为配置文件和证书文件生成目录，后面的所有文件生成相关操作均在此目录下进行
[root@km1 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048
[root@km1 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub km2

将秘钥分发到另外五台机器，让 master1 可以免密码登录其他机器

3.3 搭建etcd集群
3.3.1 配置etcd工作目录

[root@km1 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/etcd                     # 配置文件存放目录
[root@km1 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl               # 证书文件存放目录

3.3.2 创建etcd证书

工具下载
[root@km1 ~]# cd /data/work/
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64 -O /usr/bin/cfssl
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64 -O /usr/bin/cfssl-json
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 -O /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
chmod +x /usr/bin/cfssl*

配置ca请求文件

[root@km1 work]# cat ca-csr.json 
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "key": {
      "algo": "rsa",
      "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "beijing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ],
  "ca": {
          "expiry": "175200h"
  }
}

注：
CN：Common Name，kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求的用户名 (User Name)；浏览器使用该字段验证网站是否合法；
O：Organization，kube-apiserver 从证书中提取该字段作为请求用户所属的组 (Group)

创建ca证书

[root@km1 work]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json  | cfssljson -bare ca

配置ca证书策略

[root@km1 work]# cat ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
      "default": {
          "expiry": "175200h"
        },
      "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
              "usages": [
                  "signing",
                  "key encipherment",
                  "server auth",
                  "client auth"
              ],
              "expiry": "175200h"
          }
      }
  }
}

配置etcd请求csr文件

[root@km1 work]# vim etcd-csr.json
{
  "CN": "etcd",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "10.252.4.11",
    "10.252.4.12",
    "10.252.4.13"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [{
    "C": "CN",
    "ST": "Beijing",
    "L": "Beijing",
    "O": "k8s",
    "OU": "system"
  }]
}

生成证书

[root@km1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson  -bare etcd
[root@km1 work]# ls etcd*.pem

3.3.3 部署etcd集群

[root@km1 work]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.13/etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@km1 work]# tar -xf etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
[root@km1 work]# cp -p etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
[root@km1 work]# rsync -vaz etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd* kn2:/usr/local/bin/

创建配置文件

[root@km1 work]# vim etcd.conf
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://10.252.4.11:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.252.4.11:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://10.252.4.11:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://10.252.4.11:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd1=https://10.252.4.11:2380,etcd2=https://10.252.4.12:2380,etcd3=https://10.252.4.13:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

注：
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

创建启动服务文件

[root@km1 work]# vim etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/etcd/etcd.conf
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd 
  --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem 
  --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem 
  --trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem 
  --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem 
  --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem 
  --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem 
  --peer-client-cert-auth 
  --client-cert-auth
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

同步相关文件到各个节点

[root@km1 work]# cp ca*.pem etcd*.pem /etc/etcd/ssl/
[root@km1 work]# cp etcd.conf /etc/etcd/
[root@km1 work]# cp etcd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@km1 work]# scp ca*.pem etcd*.pem km2:/etc/etcd/ssl/
[root@km1 work]# scp etcd.conf km2:/etc/etcd/ 
[root@km1 work]# scp etcd.service km2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@km1 work]# scp ca*.pem etcd*.pem kn:/etc/etcd/ssl/
[root@km1 work]# scp etcd.conf kn:/etc/etcd/
[root@km1 work]# scp etcd.service kn:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

注：km2和kn分别修改配置文件中etcd名字和ip，并创建目录 /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd

启动etcd集群<km1、km2和kn分别执行以下命令>

[root@km1 work]# mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd/default.etcd
[root@km1 work]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@km1 work]# systemctl start etcd.service     注：同时启动三个节点
[root@km1 work]# systemctl status etcd.service
[root@km1 work]# systemctl enable etcd.service

查看集群状态

[root@km1 work]# etcdctl member list

3.4 kubernetes组件部署
3.4.1 下载安装包

[root@km1 work]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.20.1/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@km1 work]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar
[root@km1 work]# cd kubernetes/server/bin/
[root@km1 bin]# cp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler  /usr/local/bin/
[root@km1 bin]# scp kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler  km2:/usr/local/bin/
[root@km1 bin]# scp kubelet kube-proxy kn:/usr/local/bin/
[root@km1 bin]# cd /data/work/

3.4.2 创建工作目录<km1km2>

[root@km1 work]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/        # kubernetes组件配置文件存放目录
[root@km1 work]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/ssl     # kubernetes组件证书文件存放目录
[root@km1 work]# mkdir /var/log/kubernetes        # kubernetes组件日志文件存放目录

3.4.3 部署api-server
创建csr请求文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-apiserver-csr.json
{
  "CN": "kubernetes",
  "hosts": [
    "127.0.0.1",
    "10.252.4.11",
    "10.252.4.12",
    "10.252.4.13",
    "10.252.4.10",
    "10.255.0.1",
    "kubernetes",
    "kubernetes.default",
    "kubernetes.default.svc",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
    "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
  ],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}

注：
如果 hosts 字段不为空则需要指定授权使用该证书的 IP 或域名列表。
由于该证书后续被 kubernetes master 集群使用，需要将master节点的IP都填上，同时还需要填写 service 网络的首个IP。(一般是 kube-apiserver 指定的 service-cluster-ip-range 网段的第一个IP，如 10.255.0.1)

生成证书和token文件

[root@km1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-apiserver
[root@km1 work]# cat > token.csv << EOF
$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '),kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF

创建配置文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-apiserver.conf
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,NodeRestriction,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,ResourceQuota 
  --anonymous-auth=false 
  --bind-address=10.252.4.11 
  --secure-port=6443 
  --advertise-address=10.252.4.11 
  --insecure-port=0 
  --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC 
  --runtime-config=api/all=true 
  --enable-bootstrap-token-auth 
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.0.0/16 
  --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv 
  --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem  
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem 
  --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
  --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem 
  --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem 
  --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem 
  --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem            # 1.20以上版本必须有此参数
  --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local       # 1.20以上版本必须有此参数
  --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/ca.pem 
  --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem 
  --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem 
  --etcd-servers=https://10.252.4.11:2379,https://10.252.4.12:2379,https://10.252.4.13:2379 
  --enable-swagger-ui=true 
  --allow-privileged=true 
  --apiserver-count=2 
  --audit-log-maxage=30 
  --audit-log-maxbackup=3 
  --audit-log-maxsize=100 
  --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-apiserver-audit.log 
  --event-ttl=1h 
  --alsologtostderr=true 
  --logtostderr=false 
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes 
  --v=4"

注：
--logtostderr：启用日志
--v：日志等级
--log-dir：日志目录
--etcd-servers：etcd集群地址
--bind-address：监听地址
--secure-port：https安全端口
--advertise-address：集群通告地址
--allow-privileged：启用授权
--service-cluster-ip-range：Service虚拟IP地址段
--enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
--authorization-mode：认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用TLS bootstrap机制
--token-auth-file：bootstrap token文件
--service-node-port-range：Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
--kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
--tls-xxx-file：apiserver https证书
--etcd-xxxfile：连接Etcd集群证书
--audit-log-xxx：审计日志

创建服务启动文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=etcd.service
Wants=etcd.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
Type=notify
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

同步相关文件到各个节点

[root@km1 work]# cp ca*.pem kube-apiserver*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@km1 work]# cp token.csv kube-apiserver.conf /etc/kubernetes/
[root@km1 work]# cp kube-apiserver.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@km1 work]# scp ca*.pem kube-apiserver*.pem km2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@km1 work]# scp token.csv kube-apiserver.conf km2:/etc/kubernetes/
[root@km1 work]# scp kube-apiserver.service km2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

注：km1km2配置文件的IP地址修改为实际的本机IP

启动服务

[root@km1 work]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@km1 work]# systemctl start kube-apiserver
[root@km1 work]# systemctl status kube-apiserver
[root@km1 work]# systemctl enable kube-apiserver
[root@km1 work]# netstat -nltup|grep kube-api

3.4.4 部署四层反向代理
分别在km节点安装NGINX和keepalived

[root@km1 work]# yum install nginx keepalived -y
[root@km1 work]# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
stream {

    upstream kube-apiserver {
        server 10.252.4.11:6443     max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
        server 10.252.4.12:6443     max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    }
    server {
        listen 7443;
        proxy_connect_timeout 2s;
        proxy_timeout 900s;
        proxy_pass kube-apiserver;
    }
}
[root@km1 work]# nginx -t

检查端口脚本
[root@km1 work]#vi /etc/keepalived/check_port.sh
#!/bin/bash
CHK_PORT=$1
if [ -n "$CHK_PORT" ];then
        PORT_PROCESS=`ss -lnt|grep $CHK_PORT|wc -l`
        if [ $PORT_PROCESS -eq 0 ];then
                echo "Port $CHK_PORT Is Not Used,End."
                exit 1
        fi
else
        echo "Check Port Cant Be Empty!"
fi
[root@km1 work]# chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_port.sh
##########

配置文件
keepalived 主
[root@km1 work]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id 10.252.4.11

}

vrrp_script chk_nginx {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_port.sh 7443"
    interval 2
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 251
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    mcast_src_ip 10.252.4.11
    nopreempt

    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 11111111
    }
    track_script {
         chk_nginx
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.252.4.10
    }
}
keepalived 从:
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id 10.252.4.12
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_port.sh 7443"
    interval 2
    weight -20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 251
    mcast_src_ip 10.252.4.12
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 11111111
    }
    track_script {
        chk_nginx
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.252.4.10
    }
}
nopreempt：非抢占式
启动代理并检查
systemctl start nginx keepalived
systemctl enable nginx keepalived
netstat -lntup|grep nginx
ip add

3.4.5 部署kubectl
创建csr请求文件

[root@km1 work]# vim admin-csr.json
{
  "CN": "admin",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "system:masters",
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}

说明：
后续 kube-apiserver 使用 RBAC 对客户端(如 kubelet、kube-proxy、Pod)请求进行授权；
kube-apiserver 预定义了一些 RBAC 使用的 RoleBindings，如 cluster-admin 将 Group system:masters 与 Role cluster-admin 绑定，该 Role 授予了调用kube-apiserver 的所有 API的权限；O指定该证书的 Group 为 system:masters，kubelet 使用该证书访问 kube-apiserver 时，由于证书被 CA 签名，所以认证通过，同时由于证书用户组为经过预授权的
system:masters，所以被授予访问所有 API 的权限；
注：
这个admin 证书，是将来生成管理员用的kube config 配置文件用的，现在我们一般建议使用RBAC 来对kubernetes 进行角色权限控制， kubernetes 将证书中的CN 字段作为User， O 字段作为 Group；"O": "system:masters", 必须是system:masters，否则后面kubectl create clusterrolebinding报错。

生成证书

[root@km1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
[root@km1 work]# cp admin*.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/

创建kubeconfig配置文件
kubeconfig 为 kubectl 的配置文件，包含访问 apiserver 的所有信息，如 apiserver 地址、CA 证书和自身使用的证书

设置集群参数
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://10.252.4.10:7443 --kubeconfig=kube.config
设置客户端认证参数
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=admin.pem --client-key=admin-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube.config
设置上下文参数
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin --kubeconfig=kube.config
设置默认上下文
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config use-context kubernetes --kubeconfig=kube.config
[root@km1 work]# mkdir ~/.kube
[root@km1 work]# cp kube.config ~/.kube/config
授权kubernetes证书访问kubelet api权限
[root@km1 work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes

查看集群组件状态
上面步骤完成后，kubectl就可以与kube-apiserver通信了

[root@km1 work]# kubectl cluster-info
[root@km1 work]# kubectl get componentstatuses
[root@km1 work]# kubectl get all --all-namespaces

同步kubectl配置文件到其他节点

[root@km1 work]# scp -rp /root/.kube/ km2:/root/

配置kubectl子命令补全

[root@km1 work]# yum install -y bash-completion    
[root@km1 work]# source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
[root@km1 work]# source <(kubectl completion bash)
[root@km1 work]# kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
[root@km1 work]# source '/root/.kube/completion.bash.inc'
[root@km1 work]# source $HOME/.bash_profile

3.4.6 部署kube-controller-manager
创建csr请求文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-controller-manager-csr.json
{
    "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "10.252.4.11",
      "10.252.4.12"
    ],
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Beijing",
        "L": "Beijing",
        "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}

注：
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-controller-manager、O 为 system:kube-controller-manager，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-controller-manager 赋予 kube-controller-manager 工作所需的权限

生成证书

[root@km1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager
[root@km1 work]# ls kube-controller-manager*.pem

创建kube-controller-manager的kubeconfig

设置集群参数
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://10.252.4.10:7443 --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
设置客户端认证参数
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager --client-certificate=kube-controller-manager.pem --client-key=kube-controller-manager-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
设置上下文参数
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig
设置默认上下文
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager --kubeconfig=kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig

创建配置文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-controller-manager.conf
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--bind-address=127.0.0.1 
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig 
  --service-cluster-ip-range=10.255.0.0/16 
  --cluster-name=kubernetes 
  --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
  --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem 
  --allocate-node-cidrs=true 
  --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/16 
  --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=175200h 
  --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
  --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem 
  --leader-elect=true 
  --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true 
  --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner 
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-use-rest-clients=true 
  --horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period=10s 
  --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager.pem 
  --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-controller-manager-key.pem 
  --use-service-account-credentials=true 
  --alsologtostderr=true 
  --logtostderr=false 
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes 
  --v=2"

创建启动文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-controller-manager.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

同步相关文件到各个节点

[root@km1 work]# cp kube-controller-manager.pem   /etc/kubernetes/ssl/

[root@km1 work]# cp kube-controller-manager.conf kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/

[root@km1 work]# cp kube-controller-manager.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

3.4.7 部署kube-scheduler
创建csr请求文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-scheduler-csr.json
{
    "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
    "hosts": [
      "127.0.0.1",
      "10.252.4.11",
      "10.252.4.12"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
      {
        "C": "CN",
        "ST": "Beijing",
        "L": "Beijing",
        "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
        "OU": "system"
      }
    ]
}

注：
hosts 列表包含所有 kube-scheduler 节点 IP；
CN 为 system:kube-scheduler、O 为 system:kube-scheduler，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings system:kube-scheduler 将赋予 kube-scheduler 工作所需的权限。

生成证书

[root@km1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-scheduler
[root@km1 work]# ls kube-scheduler*.pem

创建kube-scheduler的kubeconfig

设置集群参数
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://10.252.4.10:7443 --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
设置客户端认证参数
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler --client-certificate=kube-scheduler.pem --client-key=kube-scheduler-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
设置上下文参数
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler --cluster=kubernetes --user=system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
设置默认上下文
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=kube-scheduler.kubeconfig

创建配置文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-scheduler.conf
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--address=127.0.0.1
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.kubeconfig
--leader-elect=true
--alsologtostderr=true
--logtostderr=false
--log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes
--v=2"

创建服务启动文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/kubernetes/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

同步相关文件到各个节点

[root@km1 work]# cp kube-scheduler.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@km1 work]# cp kube-scheduler.conf kube-scheduler.kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/
[root@km1 work]# cp kube-scheduler.pem /etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@km1 work]# scp kube-scheduler.pem km2:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/
[root@km1 work]# scp kube-scheduler.kubeconfig kube-scheduler.conf km2:/etc/kubernetes/
[root@km1 work]# scp kube-scheduler.service km2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

启动服务

[root@km2 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@km2 ~]# systemctl start kube-scheduler
[root@km2 ~]# systemctl status kube-scheduler
[root@km2 ~]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler

3.4.8 部署kubelet 以下操作在master1上操作

创建kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
[root@km1 work]# BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(awk -F "," '{print $1}' /etc/kubernetes/token.csv)
设置集群参数
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://10.252.4.10:7443 --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
设置客户端认证参数
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
设置上下文参数
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
设置默认上下文
[root@km1 work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig
创建角色绑定
[root@km1 work]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --user=kubelet-bootstrap

创建配置文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kubelet.json
{
  "kind": "KubeletConfiguration",
  "apiVersion": "kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1",
  "authentication": {
    "x509": {
      "clientCAFile": "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
    },
    "webhook": {
      "enabled": true,
      "cacheTTL": "2m0s"
    },
    "anonymous": {
      "enabled": false
    }
  },
  "authorization": {
    "mode": "Webhook",
    "webhook": {
      "cacheAuthorizedTTL": "5m0s",
      "cacheUnauthorizedTTL": "30s"
    }
  },
  "address": "10.252.4.11",
  "port": 10250,
  "readOnlyPort": 10255,
  "cgroupDriver": "systemd",
  "hairpinMode": "promiscuous-bridge",
  "serializeImagePulls": false,
  "featureGates": {
    "RotateKubeletClientCertificate": true,
    "RotateKubeletServerCertificate": true
  },
  "clusterDomain": "cluster.local.",
  "clusterDNS": ["10.255.0.2"]
}

创建启动文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet 
  --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig 
  --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl 
  --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig 
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.json 
  --network-plugin=cni 
  --pod-infra-container-image=10.252.4.11:5000/maxzhu/pause:v1 
  --alsologtostderr=true 
  --logtostderr=false 
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes 
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

注：
–hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
–network-plugin：启用CNI
–kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接apiserver
–bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向apiserver申请证书
–config：配置参数文件
–cert-dir：kubelet证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image：管理Pod网络容器的镜像

同步相关文件到各个节点

[root@km1 work]# scp kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig kubelet.json kn:/etc/kubernetes/
[root@km1 work]# scp kubelet.service kn:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@km1 work]# scp ca.pem kn:/etc/kubernetes/ssl/

注：kubelete.json配置文件address改为各个节点的ip地址
启动服务
各个work节点上操作

[root@kn1 ~]# mkdir /var/lib/kubelet
[root@kn1 ~]# mkdir /var/log/kubernetes
[root@kn1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@kn1 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
[root@kn1 ~]# systemctl start kubelet
[root@kn1 ~]# systemctl status kubelet

确认kubelet服务启动成功后，接着到master上Approve一下bootstrap请求。执行如下命令可以看到三个worker节点分别发送了三个 CSR 请求：

[root@km1 work]# kubectl get csr
[root@km1 work]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-HlX3cExsZohWsu8Dd6Rp_ztFejmMdpzvti_qgxo4SAQ
[root@km1 work]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-oykYfnH_coRF2PLJH4fOHlGznOZUBPDg5BPZXDo2wgk
[root@km1 work]# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-ytRB2fikhL6dykcekGg4BdD87o-zw9WPU44SZ1nFT50
[root@km1 work]# kubectl get csr
[root@km1 work]# kubectl get nodes

3.4.9 部署kube-proxy
创建csr请求文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "Beijing",
      "L": "Beijing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "system"
    }
  ]
}

生成证书

[root@km1 work]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
[root@km1 work]# ls kube-proxy*.pem

创建kubeconfig文件

[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://10.252.4.10:7443 --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem --client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@master1 work]# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

创建kube-proxy配置文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-proxy.yaml
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 10.252.4.13
clientConnection:
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
clusterCIDR: 192.168.0.0/16
healthzBindAddress: 10.252.4.13:10256
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 10.252.4.13:10249
mode: "ipvs"

创建服务启动文件

[root@km1 work]# vim kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy 
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml 
  --alsologtostderr=true 
  --logtostderr=false 
  --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes 
  --v=2
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

同步文件到各个node节点

[root@km1 work]# scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig kube-proxy.yaml kn:/etc/kubernetes/
[root@km1 work]# scp kube-proxy.service kn:/usr/lib/systemd/system/

注：配置文件kube-proxy.yaml中address修改为各节点的实际IP
启动服务

[root@kn ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/kube-proxy
[root@kn ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@kn ~]# systemctl enable kube-proxy
[root@kn ~]# systemctl restart kube-proxy
[root@kn ~]# systemctl status kube-proxy

3.4.10 配置网络组件

[root@km1 work]# wget https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.14/manifests/calico.yaml
[root@km1 work]# kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

此时再来查看各个节点，均为Ready状态
[root@km1 work]# kubectl get pods -A
[root@km1 work]# kubectl get nodes

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhugq02/p/14533145.html