网络共享存储服务NFS
作者：Eric 微信：loveoracle11g
环境准备
| 服务器系统 | 角色 | IP |
| RHEL 7.5 x86-64 | NFS服务端 | 192.168.10.201 |
| RHEL 7.5 x86-64 | NFS客户端 | 192.168.10.202 |
基础环境配置
修改nfs服务端主机名
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# hostname
zhouwanchun
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# hostname nfs-server
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# bash
[root@nfs-server ~]#
修改nfs客户端主机名
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# hostname
zhouwanchun
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# hostname nfs-client
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# bash
[root@nfs-client ~]#
关闭filrewalld防火墙
[root@nfs-server ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@nfs-server ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@nfs-client ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@nfs-client ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
关闭selinux
[root@nfs-server ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@nfs-server ~]# setenforce 0
[root@nfs-server ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@nfs-client ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@nfs-client ~]# setenforce 0
[root@nfs-client ~]# getenforce
Permissive
安装nfs-server
安装nfs服务主程序
[root@nfs-server ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@nfs-server ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 2.9G 7.2G 29% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
/dev/sr0 iso9660 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /mnt
[root@nfs-server ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@nfs-server yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@nfs-server yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[local]
name=localyum
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@nfs-server yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
[root@nfs-server yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
[root@nfs-server yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
[root@nfs-server ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
[root@nfs-server ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.el7.x86_64
[root@nfs-server ~]# rpm -qa rpcbind
rpcbind-0.2.0-23.el7.x86_64
启动rpcbind服务，并查看rpc注册信息
[root@nfs-server ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@nfs-server ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind
[root@nfs-server ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost
program vers proto port service
100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 4 udp 111 portmapper
100000 3 udp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
100024 1 udp 34752 status
100024 1 tcp 43718 status
100005 1 udp 20048 mountd
100005 1 tcp 20048 mountd
100005 2 udp 20048 mountd
100005 2 tcp 20048 mountd
100005 3 udp 20048 mountd
100005 3 tcp 20048 mountd
100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs
100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs
100227 3 tcp 2049 nfs_acl
100003 3 udp 2049 nfs
100003 4 udp 2049 nfs
100227 3 udp 2049 nfs_acl
100021 1 udp 47777 nlockmgr
100021 3 udp 47777 nlockmgr
100021 4 udp 47777 nlockmgr
100021 1 tcp 58593 nlockmgr
100021 3 tcp 58593 nlockmgr
100021 4 tcp 58593 nlockmgr
100011 1 udp 875 rquotad
100011 2 udp 875 rquotad
100011 1 tcp 875 rquotad
100011 2 tcp 875 rquotad
启动nfs-server
[root@nfs-server ~]# systemctl enable nfs-server.service
[root@nfs-server ~]# systemctl start nfs-server.service
[root@nfs-server ~]# ps -elf | egrep "rpc|nfs"
1 S root 490 2 0 60 -20 - 0 rescue 19:55 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod]
5 S rpc 2535 1 0 80 0 - 9975 poll_s 20:25 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/rpcbind -w
5 S rpcuser 2541 1 0 80 0 - 11639 poll_s 20:25 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/rpc.statd
1 S root 2781 1 0 80 0 - 11202 poll_s 20:28 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.mountd
1 S root 2788 2 0 60 -20 - 0 rescue 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4]
1 S root 2789 2 0 60 -20 - 0 rescue 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4_callbacks]
1 S root 2793 2 0 80 0 - 0 svc_ge 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
1 S root 2794 2 0 80 0 - 0 svc_ge 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
1 S root 2795 2 0 80 0 - 0 svc_ge 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
1 S root 2796 2 0 80 0 - 0 svc_ge 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
1 S root 2797 2 0 80 0 - 0 svc_ge 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
1 S root 2798 2 0 80 0 - 0 svc_ge 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
1 S root 2799 2 0 80 0 - 0 svc_ge 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
1 S root 2800 2 0 80 0 - 0 svc_ge 20:28 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
1 S root 2804 1 0 80 0 - 5337 ep_pol 20:28 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.idmapd
1 S root 2805 1 0 80 0 - 28571 poll_s 20:28 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/rpc.rquotad
0 R root 2874 1983 0 80 0 - 27010 - 20:33 pts/0 00:00:00 egrep --color=auto rpc|nfs
[root@nfs-server ~]# ps -elf | egrep "rpcbind"
5 S rpc 2535 1 0 80 0 - 9975 poll_s 20:25 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/rpcbind -w
0 R root 2903 1983 0 80 0 - 27010 - 20:35 pts/0 00:00:00 egrep --color=auto rpcbind
nfs服务端配置共享目录
创建需要共享的目录
关机init 0 添加一块硬盘1T
[root@nfs-server ~]# init 0
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000991e3
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 9414655 4194304 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 9414656 30386175 10485760 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 1099.5 GB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x84a9402f.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-2147483647, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2147483647, default 2147483647):
Using default value 2147483647
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1024 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=67108800 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=268435200, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=131071, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# mkdir /nfsdisk
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# ls -ld /nfsdisk
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jul 21 20:44 /nfsdisk
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="7b89c031-a44e-4439-b211-04d152e026f6" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="c1e88ade-3953-44c9-a00f-0c8487e53279" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda3: UUID="7e4bd525-73c9-46d9-8233-c6e79d30f5e4" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="67ec42ec-efef-4b50-b9ba-0e12062d1ed8" TYPE="xfs"
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue May 15 18:02:26 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7e4bd525-73c9-46d9-8233-c6e79d30f5e4 / xfs defaults 1 1
UUID=7b89c031-a44e-4439-b211-04d152e026f6 /boot xfs defaults 1 2
UUID=c1e88ade-3953-44c9-a00f-0c8487e53279 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID=67ec42ec-efef-4b50-b9ba-0e12062d1ed8 /nfsdisk xfs defaults 0 0
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 3.0G 7.1G 30% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# mount -a
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 3.0G 7.1G 30% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
/dev/sdb1 xfs 1.0T 33M 1.0T 1% /nfsdisk
[root@nfs-server ~]# cd /nfsdisk/
[root@nfs-server nfsdisk]# ls
[root@nfs-server nfsdisk]# vim test.txt
look
:wq
编辑nfs主配置文件，共享/nfsdisk目录至192.168.10.0网段，可读可写，统一用户。
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# vim /etc/exports
/nfsdisk 192.168.10.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash)
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# systemctl restart nfs-server.service
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab
/nfsdisk 192.168.10.0/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534,sec=sys,rw,secure,root_squash,all_squash)
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# grep "65534" /etc/passwd
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# ls -ld /nfsdisk
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Jul 21 20:44 /nfsdisk
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# chown -R nfsnobody:nfsnobody /nfsdisk
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# ls -ld /nfsdisk
drwxr-xr-x 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 6 Jul 21 20:44 /nfsdisk
NFS服务端配置好了，最后重启一下服务
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# systemctl restart nfs-server.service
[root@zhouwanchun ~]# showmount -e 192.168.10.201
Export list for 192.168.10.201:
/nfsdisk 192.168.10.0/24
NFS客户端安装挂载相关指令
安装相关服务，仅启动rpcbind服务即可
[root@nfs-client ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
[root@nfs-client ~]# rpm -qa | grep nfs-utils
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.el7.x86_64
[root@nfs-client ~]# rpm -qa | grep rpcbind
rpcbind-0.2.0-23.el7.x86_64
[root@nfs-client ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind
[root@nfs-client ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
NFS客户端查看远程服务器提供的可挂载信息
[root@nfs-client ~]# which showmount
/usr/sbin/showmount
[root@nfs-client ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/showmount
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.el7.x86_64 这下知道周老师为啥要安装这个包了吧
[root@nfs-client ~]# showmount -e 192.168.10.201
Export list for 192.168.10.201:
/nfsdisk 192.168.10.0/24
[root@nfs-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 2.9G 7.2G 29% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
客户端挂载nfs存储
使用默认挂载方式，将远程nfs共享的/nfsdisk目录挂载到本地的/nfsdiskclient目录
[root@nfs-client ~]# mkdir /nfsdiskclient
[root@nfs-client ~]# ls -ld /nfsdiskclient
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 21 21:14 /nfsdiskclient
[root@nfs-client ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.10.201:/nfsdisk /nfsdiskclient
[root@nfs-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 2.9G 7.2G 29% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
192.168.10.201:/nfsdisk nfs4 1.0T 33M 1.0T 1% /nfsdiskclient
[root@nfs-client ~]# ls -ld /nfsdiskclient
drwxr-xr-x. 2 nfsnobody nfsnobody 21 Jul 21 21:20 /nfsdiskclient
[root@nfs-client ~]# cd /nfsdiskclient/
[root@nfs-client nfsdiskclient]# touch test01.txt
[root@nfs-client nfsdiskclient]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Jul 21 21:25 test01.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5 Jul 21 21:20 test.txt
[root@nfs-client ~]# cat /nfsdiskclient/test.txt
look
[root@nfs-server ~]# ls -l /nfsdisk/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Jul 21 21:25 test01.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jul 21 21:20 test.txt
开机挂载
[root@nfs-client ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue May 15 18:02:51 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=5c8d5949-9b42-4e90-b1df-4324565e4114 / xfs defaults 1 1
UUID=d1075ca8-9c29-4b2b-9181-74914dc42a44 /boot xfs defaults 1 2
UUID=1f00ce4a-a6a6-41ab-a99b-90d8e7a3c300 swap swap defaults 0 0
192.168.10.201:/nfsdisk /nfsdiskclient nfs defaults 0 0
[root@nfs-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 2.9G 7.2G 29% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
192.168.10.201:/nfsdisk nfs4 1.0T 33M 1.0T 1% /nfsdiskclient
[root@nfs-client ~]# umount /nfsdiskclient
[root@nfs-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 2.9G 7.2G 29% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
[root@nfs-client ~]# mount -a
[root@nfs-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 2.9G 7.2G 29% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
192.168.10.201:/nfsdisk nfs4 1.0T 33M 1.0T 1% /nfsdiskclient
NFS自动挂载
直接就是 直接挂载好
间接就是 你使用才会自动挂载
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
58 df -Th
59 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
60 ls
61 vim local.repo
62 yum clean all
63 yum makecache
64 yum repolist all
客户端安装autofs自动挂载
[root@nfs-client ~]# yum -y install autofs
[root@nfs-client ~]# systemctl enable autofs
[root@nfs-client ~]# systemctl start autofs
[root@nfs-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 3.0G 7.1G 30% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
192.168.10.201:/nfsdisk nfs4 1.0T 33M 1.0T 1% /nfsdiskclient
[root@nfs-client ~]# umount /nfsdiskclient
[root@nfs-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 3.0G 7.1G 30% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
[root@nfs-client ~]# rpm -qc autofs
/etc/auto.master
/etc/auto.misc
/etc/auto.net
/etc/auto.smb
/etc/autofs_ldap_auth.conf
/etc/sysconfig/autofs
/usr/lib/systemd/system/autofs.service
[root@nfs-client ~]# vim /etc/auto.master.d/nfs.autofs
/- /etc/auto.nfs_direct
[root@nfs-client ~]# vim /etc/auto.nfs_direct
/nfsdiskclient -rw,sync,soft 192.168.10.201:/nfsdisk
[root@nfs-client ~]# systemctl restart autofs.service
[root@nfs-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 3.0G 7.1G 30% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
[root@nfs-client ~]# mount
/etc/auto.nfs_direct on /nfsdiskclient type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=18,pgrp=1027,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)
[root@nfs-client ~]# ls -l /nfsdiskclient/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Jul 21 21:25 test01.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jul 21 21:20 test.txt
[root@nfs-client ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 xfs 10G 3.0G 7.1G 30% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 990M 0 990M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 80K 998M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 8.8M 989M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 998M 0 998M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 116M 382M 24% /boot
192.168.10.201:/nfsdisk nfs4 1.0T 33M 1.0T 1% /nfsdiskclient