ThreadLocal说明
类ThreadLocal主要为了解决每个线程绑定自己的私有的值,可以吧ThreadLocal比如可全部存放的数据,每个线程都可以在里面存放自己的数据,并且不会和其他线程冲突。
测试代码
package com.zhoutao.demo.thread;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadLocalDemo {
public static ThreadLocal<String> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal();
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Initial value = null
System.out.println("Initial Value = " + threadLocal.get());
threadLocal.set("123");
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA();
threadA.start();
// 得到是123
System.out.println("Main Get Value = " + threadLocal.get());
}
static class ThreadA extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
ThreadLocalDemo.threadLocal.set("ABC");
try {
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 得到的是ABC
System.out.println("Thread A Get Value = " + ThreadLocalDemo.threadLocal.get());
}
}
}
观察下面的代码可以验证上面的结论,Main线程保存的是123,那么在子线程A保存"ABC" 后,获取也是"123",这样我们就可以验证上面的结论了,那么我们看下get() 方法的JDK源码是如何实现的.
源码分析
可以看到,其首先或者当前的线程t,使用线程t获取到了当前LocalMap(这个类没有继承Map接口),那么说明这个map对象是和当前线程t相关的。如果该对象不存在,那么返会setInitialVale()方法.该方法也是通过线程t获取当前map,map为空则执行createMap方法完成创建。
/**
* Returns the value in the current thread's copy of this
* thread-local variable. If the variable has no value for the
* current thread, it is first initialized to the value returned
* by an invocation of the {@link #initialValue} method.
*
* @return the current thread's value of this thread-local
*/
public T get() {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null) {
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
}
/**
* Variant of set() to establish initialValue. Used instead
* of set() in case user has overridden the set() method.
*
* @return the initial value
*/
private T setInitialValue() {
T value = initialValue();
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
return value;
}
protected T initialValue() {
return null;
}
修改初始化值
在SetInitialValue方法中,可以看到其调用了initialValue方法进行了初始化,在代码1中
// Initial value = null
System.out.println("Initial Value = " + threadLocal.get());
可以看到没有设置初始值得情况下,其返回的是null,在上面的 protected T initialValue() 方法中也得到了验证,那么我们若要修改初始化值,仅要继承ThreadLocal类重写initialValue()方法即可,如下:
package com.zhoutao.demo.thread;
public class ThreadLocalExtend extends ThreadLocal<String> {
@Override
protected String initialValue() {
return "DEFAULT INIT VALUE";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadLocalExtend extend = new ThreadLocalExtend();
System.out.println("初始化值为:" + extend.get());
}
}
从父线程继承数据
另外子线程也可以通过 InheritableThreadLocal 在子线程中获取从福线程继承下来的值。如上可以通过重写initialValue()方法修改初始化值,同时在可以获取父线程的数据的功能上,添加了通过childValue()方法修改从父线程获取的值,如:
package com.zhoutao.demo.thread;
public class InheritableThreadLocalExtend extends InheritableThreadLocal<String> {
@Override
protected String initialValue() {
// 修改初始化值
return "default init value";
}
@Override
protected String childValue(String parentValue) {
// 修改从父类获取的value
return parentValue.toUpperCase();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
InheritableThreadLocalExtend extend = new InheritableThreadLocalExtend();
System.out.println("初始化值为:" + extend.get());
}
}