摘要：
通过下面的这些命令在接触到新的数据库服务器的时候能更好更快的了解服务器和数据库的状况。
1：pt-summary：查看系统摘要报告
执行：
pt-summary
打印出来的信息包括：CPU、内存、硬盘、网卡等信息，还包括文件系统、磁盘调度和队列大小、LVM、RAID、网络链接信息、netstat 的统计，以及前10的负载占用信息和vmstat信息。
# Percona Toolkit System Summary Report ###################### Date | 2013-10-23 09:06:37 UTC (local TZ: CST +0800) Hostname | zhoujy Uptime | 5 days, 23:25, 3 users, load average: 1.31, 1.32, 1.27 Platform | Linux Release | Ubuntu 11.10 (oneiric) Kernel | 3.0.0-32-generic-pae Architecture | CPU = 64-bit, OS = 32-bit Threading | NPTL 2.13 SELinux | No SELinux detected Virtualized | No virtualization detected # Processor ################################################## Processors | physical = 1, cores = 2, virtual = 2, hyperthreading = no Speeds | 2x1600.000 Models | 2xPentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E6600 @ 3.06GHz Caches | 2x2048 KB # Memory ##################################################### Total | 3.9G Free | 389.6M Used | physical = 3.5G, swap allocated = 0.0, swap used = 0.0, virtual = 3.5G Buffers | 322.0M Caches | 1.4G Dirty | 344 kB UsedRSS | 2.2G Swappiness | 60 DirtyPolicy | 10, 5 DirtyStatus | 0, 0 Locator Size Speed Form Factor Type Type Detail ========= ======== ================= ============= ============= =========== # Mounted Filesystems ######################################## Filesystem Size Used Type Opts Mountpoint /dev/sda1 46G 63% ext4 rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0 / /dev/sda3 272G 15% ext4 rw,commit=0 /home /dev/sda5 144G 55% fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096,default_permissions /media/other none 2.0G 1% tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 /run/shm none 2.0G 1% tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev /run/shm none 2.0G 1% debugfs rw /run/shm none 2.0G 1% securityfs rw /run/shm none 5.0M 0% tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 /run/lock none 5.0M 0% tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev /run/lock none 5.0M 0% debugfs rw /run/lock none 5.0M 0% securityfs rw /run/lock tmpfs 799M 1% tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755 /run udev 2.0G 1% devtmpfs rw,mode=0755 /dev # Disk Schedulers And Queue Size ############################# sda | [cfq] 128 # Disk Partioning ############################################ # Kernel Inode State ######################################### dentry-state | 92512 78396 45 0 0 0 file-nr | 9632 0 407487 inode-nr | 166660 105139 # LVM Volumes ################################################ Unable to collect information # LVM Volume Groups ########################################## Unable to collect information # RAID Controller ############################################ Controller | No RAID controller detected # Network Config ############################################# Controller | Atheros Communications AR8151 v2.0 Gigabit Ethernet (rev c0) FIN Timeout | 60 Port Range | 61000 # Interface Statistics ####################################### interface rx_bytes rx_packets rx_errors tx_bytes tx_packets tx_errors ========= ========= ========== ========== ========== ========== ========== lo 1000000000 100000 0 1000000000 100000 0 eth0 3000000000 5000000 0 600000000 2000000 0 # Network Connections ######################################## Connections from remote IP addresses 61.135.208.76 6 61.135.208.77 15 61.158.248.86 1 74.125.31.125 1 74.125.235.64 1 74.125.235.70 1 74.125.235.71 2 74.125.235.72 1 74.125.235.73 1 74.125.235.78 2 74.125.235.99 1 74.125.235.101 3 74.125.235.102 1 74.125.235.111 2 74.125.235.161 1 74.125.235.166 1 74.125.235.201 1 91.189.89.88 1 91.189.89.144 1 91.189.90.41 1 101.71.248.195 1 112.95.242.170 1 120.92.249.43 2 125.39.127.17 3 173.194.72.95 1 180.149.134.229 1 192.168.200.25 4 192.168.200.202 1 192.168.200.227 1 203.208.46.200 1 Connections to local IP addresses 192.168.200.25 60 Connections to top 10 local ports 56897 1 56898 1 56899 1 57817 1 58279 1 58283 1 59046 1 59883 1 60109 1 6379 1 States of connections CLOSE_WAIT 50 ESTABLISHED 10 LISTEN 20 # Top Processes ############################################## PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2687 zhoujy 20 0 1182m 620m 43m S 24 15.5 1871:17 firefox 521 zhoujy 20 0 504m 95m 28m S 4 2.4 83:28.96 plugin-containe 2365 zhoujy 20 0 328m 105m 21m S 2 2.6 88:37.26 compiz 2378 zhoujy 9 -11 162m 9620 7412 S 2 0.2 34:09.55 pulseaudio 3136 zhoujy 20 0 92228 20m 12m S 2 0.5 0:27.86 gnome-terminal 1 root 20 0 3428 1896 1212 S 0 0.0 0:00.52 init 2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd 3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:07.45 ksoftirqd/0 5 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.51 kworker/u:0 # Notable Processes ########################################## PID OOM COMMAND 824 -17 sshd # Simplified and fuzzy rounded vmstat (wait please) ########## procs ---swap-- -----io---- ---system---- --------cpu-------- r b si so bi bo ir cs us sy il wa st 1 0 0 0 2 15 15 10 13 1 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 3500 21 10 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1250 2250 16 2 83 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 2250 13 2 85 0 1 0 0 0 0 175 1750 4000 35 8 56 0 # The End ####################################################
更多信息见：http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-summary.html
2：pt-mysql-summary：查看mysql各个统计信息
执行：
pt-mysql-summary --user=root --password=123456 --host=192.168.200.25 --port=3306
打印出来的信息包括：版本信息、数据目录、命令的统计、用户，数据库以及复制等信息还包括各个变量（status、variables）信息和各个变量的比例信息，还有配置文件等信息。
zhoujy@zhoujy:~$ pt-mysql-summary --user=root --password=123456 --host=192.168.200.25 --port=3306 # Percona Toolkit MySQL Summary Report ####################### System time | 2013-10-23 09:20:38 UTC (local TZ: CST +0800) # Instances ################################################## Port Data Directory Nice OOM Socket ===== ========================== ==== === ====== 3307 /opt/mysql/mysql5.6 0 0 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld2.sock # MySQL Executable ########################################### Path to executable | /opt/mysql/server-5.6/bin/mysqld Has symbols | Yes Path to executable | /usr/sbin/mysqld Has symbols | No # Report On Port 3306 ######################################## User | root@192.168.200.% Time | 2013-10-23 17:20:38 (CST) Hostname | zhoujy Version | 5.1.69-0ubuntu0.11.10.1-log (Ubuntu) Built On | debian-linux-gnu i686 Started | 2013-10-17 17:41 (up 5+23:39:35) Databases | 33 Datadir | /var/lib/mysql/ Processes | 3 connected, 2 running Replication | Is not a slave, has 1 slaves connected Pidfile | /var/lib/mysql/zhoujy.pid (does not exist) # Processlist ################################################ Command COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time) ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- --------- Binlog Dump 1 1 175 175 Query 1 1 0 0 Sleep 1 0 7000 7000 User COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time) ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- --------- rep 1 1 175 175 root 2 1 0 0 Host COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time) ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- --------- localhost 1 0 0 0 zhoujy.local 2 2 175 175 db COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time) ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- --------- aaa 1 0 0 0 NULL 2 2 175 175 State COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time) ------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- --------- 1 0 0 0 Has sent all binlog to slave; 1 1 175 175 NULL 1 1 0 0 # Status Counters (Wait 10 Seconds) ########################## Variable Per day Per second 10 secs Aborted_connects 2 Binlog_cache_use 2 Bytes_received 12500 200 Bytes_sent 60000 1750 Com_admin_commands 20 Com_create_table 1 Com_insert 1 Com_select 50 1 Com_set_option 70 Com_show_binlogs 1 Com_show_create_table 1 Com_show_databases 1 Com_show_status 1 Com_show_tables 1 Com_show_variables 50 Connections 35 1 Created_tmp_disk_tables 5 1 Created_tmp_tables 70 3 Handler_commit 6 Handler_prepare 3 Handler_read_first 3 Handler_read_key 3 Handler_read_next 4 Handler_read_rnd_next 1250 35 Handler_write 1000 35 Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed 15 Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests 4500 70 Innodb_buffer_pool_reads 250 Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests 60 Innodb_data_fsyncs 15 Innodb_data_read 4500000 50 Innodb_data_reads 250 Innodb_data_writes 20 Innodb_data_written 500000 5 Innodb_dblwr_pages_written 15 Innodb_dblwr_writes 2 Innodb_log_write_requests 7 Innodb_log_writes 2 Innodb_os_log_fsyncs 4 Innodb_os_log_written 5000 Innodb_pages_created 2 Innodb_pages_read 250 Innodb_pages_written 15 Innodb_rows_inserted 1 Innodb_rows_read 7 Key_read_requests 5 Key_reads 1 Key_write_requests 2 Key_writes 1 Open_table_definitions 45 Opened_files 400 70 Opened_table_definitions 90 15 Opened_tables 175 30 Queries 300 4 Questions 300 4 Select_scan 60 Table_locks_immediate 10 Uptime 90000 1 1 # Table cache ################################################ Size | 64 Usage | 100% # Key Percona Server features ################################ Table & Index Stats | Not Supported Multiple I/O Threads | Enabled Corruption Resilient | Not Supported Durable Replication | Not Supported Import InnoDB Tables | Not Supported Fast Server Restarts | Not Supported Enhanced Logging | Not Supported Replica Perf Logging | Not Supported Response Time Hist. | Not Supported Smooth Flushing | Not Supported HandlerSocket NoSQL | Not Supported Fast Hash UDFs | Unknown # Percona XtraDB Cluster ##################################### # Plugins #################################################### InnoDB compression | ACTIVE # Query cache ################################################ query_cache_type | OFF Size | 0.0 Usage | 0% HitToInsertRatio | 0% # Schema ##################################################### Would you like to mysqldump -d the schema and analyze it? y/n Skipping schema analysis # Noteworthy Technologies #################################### SSL | No Explicit LOCK TABLES | No Delayed Insert | No XA Transactions | No NDB Cluster | No Prepared Statements | No Prepared statement count | 0 # InnoDB ##################################################### Version | 5.1.69 Buffer Pool Size | 500.0M Buffer Pool Fill | 4% Buffer Pool Dirty | 0% File Per Table | ON Page Size | 16k Log File Size | 2 * 16.0M = 32.0M Log Buffer Size | 8M Flush Method | O_DIRECT Flush Log At Commit | 0 XA Support | ON Checksums | ON Doublewrite | ON R/W I/O Threads | 4 4 I/O Capacity | 200 Thread Concurrency | 0 Concurrency Tickets | 500 Commit Concurrency | 0 Txn Isolation Level | REPEATABLE-READ Adaptive Flushing | ON Adaptive Checkpoint | Checkpoint Age | 0 InnoDB Queue | 0 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue Oldest Transaction | 0 Seconds History List Len | 107 Read Views | 1 Undo Log Entries | 0 transactions, 0 total undo, 0 max undo Pending I/O Reads | 0 buf pool reads, 0 normal AIO, 0 ibuf AIO, 0 preads Pending I/O Writes | 0 buf pool (0 LRU, 0 flush list, 0 page); 0 AIO, 0 sync, 0 log IO (0 log, 0 chkp); 0 pwrites Pending I/O Flushes | 0 buf pool, 0 log Transaction States | 1xnot started # MyISAM ##################################################### Key Cache | 16.0M Pct Used | 10% Unflushed | 0% # Security ################################################### Users | 8 users, 0 anon, 0 w/o pw, 0 old pw Old Passwords | OFF # Binary Logging ############################################# Binlogs | 3 Zero-Sized | 0 Total Size | 4.8k binlog_format | ROW expire_logs_days | 10 sync_binlog | 0 server_id | 1 binlog_do_db | binlog_ignore_db | # Noteworthy Variables ####################################### Auto-Inc Incr/Offset | 1/1 default_storage_engine | flush_time | 0 init_connect | init_file | sql_mode | join_buffer_size | 128k sort_buffer_size | 2M read_buffer_size | 128k read_rnd_buffer_size | 256k bulk_insert_buffer | 0.00 max_heap_table_size | 16M tmp_table_size | 16M max_allowed_packet | 64M thread_stack | 192k log | OFF log_error | /var/log/mysql/error.log log_warnings | 1 log_slow_queries | OFF log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF log_slave_updates | OFF # Configuration File ######################################### Config File | /etc/mysql/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysqld_safe] innodb_stats_sample_pages = 16 socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock nice = 0 [mysqld] ft_min_word_len = 2 ft_stopword_file = /var/lib/mysql/stopword.txt innodb_adaptive_hash_index = 0 low-priority-updates show-slave-auth-info ignore_builtin_innodb innodb_buffer_pool_size = 500M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_log_file_size = 16M innodb_file_per_table myisam-recover = force,backup myisam_block_size = 2048 user = mysql socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 16M kb1.key_buffer_size = 10M kb2.key_buffer_size = 10M max_allowed_packet = 64M thread_stack = 192K thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP max_connections = 600 query_cache_type = 0 log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log server-id = 1 log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log binlog_format = MIXED expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 1024M max_relay_log_size = 500M [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] [isamchk] key_buffer = 16M # The End ####################################################
更多信息见：http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-mysql-summary.html
3：pt-config-diff：对比配置文件的异同，类似Linux的diff命令
执行：
pt-config-diff h=localhost,P=3306 h=192.168.200.25,P=3307 --user=root --password=123456
打印出来的信息包括：指定MySQL它们配置文件的不同。
zhoujy@zhoujy:~$ pt-config-diff --ask-pass h=localhost,P=3306 h=192.168.200.25,P=3307 --user=root Enter MySQL password: Enter MySQL password: 49 config differences Variable zhoujy zhoujy ========================= ========================= ========================= back_log 50 170 basedir /usr/ /opt/mysql/server-5.6 character_sets_dir /usr/share/mysql/chars... /opt/mysql/server-5.6/... completion_type 0 NO_CHAIN concurrent_insert 1 AUTO datadir /var/lib/mysql/ /opt/mysql/mysql5.6/ ft_min_word_len 2 4 general_log_file /var/lib/mysql/zhoujy.log /opt/mysql/mysql5.6/zh... ignore_builtin_innodb ON OFF innodb_adaptive_hash_i... OFF ON innodb_autoextend_incr... 8 64 innodb_buffer_pool_size 524288000 134217728 innodb_change_buffering inserts all innodb_concurrency_tic... 500 5000 innodb_data_file_path ibdata1:10M:autoextend ibdata1:12M:autoextend innodb_file_format_check Barracuda ON innodb_flush_log_at_tr... 0 1 innodb_flush_method O_DIRECT innodb_log_file_size 16777216 50331648 innodb_old_blocks_time 0 1000 innodb_open_files 300 2000 innodb_stats_on_metadata ON OFF innodb_version 5.1.69 1.2.10 join_buffer_size 131072 262144 log_error /var/log/mysql/error.log /var/log/mysql/error2.log low_priority_updates ON OFF max_binlog_cache_size 4294963200 18446744073709547520 max_connect_errors 10 100 open_files_limit 3000 65535 optimizer_switch index_merge=on,index_m... index_merge=on,index_m... pid_file /var/lib/mysql/zhoujy.pid /opt/mysql/mysql5.6/zh... plugin_dir /usr/lib/mysql/plugin /opt/mysql/server-5.6/... port 3306 3307 query_cache_size 0 16777216 report_port 3306 3307 secure_auth OFF ON server_id 1 2 slow_query_log_file /var/lib/mysql/zhoujy-... /opt/mysql/mysql5.6/zh... socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld... /var/run/mysqld/mysqld... sort_buffer_size 2097144 262144 sql_auto_is_null ON OFF sql_mode NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION sql_slave_skip_counter 0 storage_engine MyISAM InnoDB table_definition_cache 256 1400 table_open_cache 64 2000 version 5.1.69-0ubuntu0.11.10.... 5.6.10-log version_comment (Ubuntu) MySQL Community Server... version_compile_os debian-linux-gnu debian6.0
更多信息见：http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-config-diff.html
4：pt-variable-advisor：通过该命令，分析MySQL的变量（my.cnf），并对可能存在的问题提出建议
执行：
从指定地址获取变量值： pt-variable-advisor --user=root --password=123456 192.168.220.245
打印出来的信息包括：一些变量设置的是否合理已经给出的建议
zhoujy@zhoujy:~$ pt-variable-advisor --ask-pass --user=zjy 192.168.220.245 Enter password: # WARN delay_key_write: MyISAM index blocks are never flushed until necessary. # WARN innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit-1: InnoDB is not configured in strictly ACID mode. # WARN innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit-2: Setting innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit to 0 has no performance benefits over setting it to 2, and more types of data loss are possible. # NOTE innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct: The innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct is lower than the default. # NOTE log_warnings-2: Log_warnings must be set greater than 1 to log unusual events such as aborted connections. # NOTE max_connect_errors: max_connect_errors should probably be set as large as your platform allows. # WARN slave_net_timeout: This variable is set too high. # NOTE sort_buffer_size-1: The sort_buffer_size variable should generally be left at its default unless an expert determines it is necessary to change it. # NOTE innodb_data_file_path: Auto-extending InnoDB files can consume a lot of disk space that is very difficult to reclaim later. # NOTE innodb_flush_method: Most production database servers that use InnoDB should set innodb_flush_method to O_DIRECT to avoid double-buffering, unless the I/O system is very low performance. # WARN log_bin: Binary logging is disabled, so point-in-time recovery and replication are not possible.
更多信息见：http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-variable-advisor.html