摘要:
在主从复制的架构中,正常情况下主上操作的记录也会在从上进行操作,虽说是异步复制,但操作会“实时”的同步到从。比如在主上不小心误操作了,还没等反应过来从上也会马上执行误操作,后期只有通过二进制或则备份恢复数据了,费时,又费力,没有任何回旋的余地,而且也会影响到网站的功能。而pt-slave-delay故意让主上的操作延迟制定的时间写入到从,这样就可以快速的处理上面说的问题了。下面介绍下使用方法,其实挺简单的。
前提:
下载地址:wget www.percona.com/downloads/percona-toolkit/2.2.2/percona-toolkit-2.2.2.tar.gz
安装方法:perl Makefile.PL;make;make install
使用方法:
pt-slave-delay [OPTIONS] SLAVE_DSN [MASTER_DSN]
执行该命令链接数据库的账号需要有 PROCESS、REPLICATION CLIENT、and SUPER权限。他是通过Slave的relay log(中继日志)的position(偏移量),不断启动,关闭 replication SQL thread 来保持主从一直延时固定的时间来实现的,所以没有必要链接主服务器。如果想在运行中停止的话,按CTRL+C中断就可以了。具体执行的命令:
pt-slave-delay --delay=1m --interval=15s --run-time=10m u=root,p=123456,h=192.168.200.25,P=3307
#--delay :从库延迟主库的时间,上面为1分钟。
#--interval :检查的间隔时间,上面为15s检查一次。(可选),不选则1分钟检查一次。
#--run-time :该命令运行时间,上面为该命令运行10分钟关闭。(可选),不选则永远运行。
#--ask-pass :隐性输入密码。
其他的为链接数据库的账号信息,账号要有PROCESS, REPLICATION CLIENT, and SUPER权限
注意:延迟的时间实际为 delay+interval,即该命令的让从延迟主75s。
还有一些具体的参数请见:http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-slave-delay.html
背景:
主:
root@localhost : aaa 02:37:21>select * from test;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
+----+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从:
root@192.168.200.25 : aaa 03:11:44>select * from test;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
+----+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
root@192.168.200.25 : aaa 03:12:05>show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.200.25
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1919
Relay_Log_File: zhoujy-relay-bin.000131
Relay_Log_Pos: 1636
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: aaa
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1919
Relay_Log_Space: 1951
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID:
Master_Info_File: /opt/mysql/mysql5.6/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
执行:
session1:命令
zhoujy@zhoujy:~$ pt-slave-delay --delay=1m --interval=15s --run-time=10m --ask-pass u=root,h=192.168.200.25,P=3307 Enter password for 192.168.200.25: 2013-10-23T15:16:40 slave running 0 seconds behind 2013-10-23T15:16:40 STOP SLAVE until 2013-10-23T15:17:40 at master position mysql-bin.000003/1919 2013-10-23T15:16:55 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/1919 2013-10-23T15:17:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/1919 2013-10-23T15:17:25 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/1919 2013-10-23T15:17:40 no new binlog events
session2:主
root@localhost : aaa 03:17:34>insert into test(name) values('d'),('e'); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 root@localhost : aaa 03:17:44>select * from test; +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | a | | 2 | b | | 3 | c | | 4 | d | | 5 | e | +----+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
session3:从
root@192.168.200.25 : aaa 03:17:31>select * from test; +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | a | | 2 | b | | 3 | c | +----+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从session3里面看到,数据还没有同步过来,因为在session2里插入了数据,继续看session1的输出日志:
zhoujy@zhoujy:~$ pt-slave-delay --delay=1m --interval=15s --run-time=10m --ask-pass u=root,h=192.168.200.25,P=3307 Enter password for 192.168.200.25: 2013-10-23T15:16:40 slave running 0 seconds behind 2013-10-23T15:16:40 STOP SLAVE until 2013-10-23T15:17:40 at master position mysql-bin.000003/1919 2013-10-23T15:16:55 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/1919 2013-10-23T15:17:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/1919 2013-10-23T15:17:25 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/1919 2013-10-23T15:17:40 no new binlog events 2013-10-23T15:17:55 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/2142 2013-10-23T15:18:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/2142 2013-10-23T15:18:25 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/2142 2013-10-23T15:18:40 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/2142 2013-10-23T15:18:55 START SLAVE until master 2013-10-23T15:17:55 mysql-bin.000003/2142 2013-10-23T15:19:10 slave running 0 seconds behind
在日志里面看到了,在15:17:55的时候检测到了新的事件,在15:18:55的时候进行了同步,数据差不多在15:17:40写进去的,时间点刚好一致。15s后检测到了,1m后同步到从。
继续看从上的数据:
root@192.168.200.25 : aaa 03:18:57>select * from test; +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | a | | 2 | b | | 3 | c | | 4 | d | | 5 | e | +----+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
最后命令运行了10m后,自动结束:
2013-10-23T15:25:40 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/2142 2013-10-23T15:25:55 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/2142 2013-10-23T15:26:10 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/2142 2013-10-23T15:26:25 no new binlog events 2013-10-23T15:26:40 slave stopped at master position mysql-bin.000003/2142 2013-10-23T15:26:40 Setting slave to run normally
原理:
这个过程的实现:
pt-slave-delay –delay=10m 开始运行
(a)连接到从服务器
检测从服务器落后主服务器多少秒$behind,并输出。
然后记录当前时间,以及Slave_IO_Thread获取到的master_log_file与read_master_log_pos做为一个对象,保存到某数组@positions中。
情况一:
如果从服务器的Slave_SQL_Thread正在运行,并且$behind小于10分钟, STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD,并计算出多长时间之后(now()-$behind+10分钟),
才需要再次START SLAVE。再次START的时间点称为$next_start。等待一分钟,再goto(a)
情况二:
如果从服务器的Slave_SQL_Thread正在运行,并且$behind超出10分钟, 那就什么也不做。
情况三:
如果从服务器的Slave_SQL_Thread已经被STOP了,并且当前时间没有达到$next_start, 那就等待一分钟,再goto(a)
情况四:
如果从服务器的Slave_SQL_Thread已经被STOP了,并且当前时间达到$next_start,说明从服务器已经休息够了,
就从数组@positions中挑选一个合适的对象出来,此对象记录的时间要比较接近当前时间的10分钟之前。
然后START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL 此对象的master_log_file与read_master_log_pos。等待一分钟,goto(a)
总结:
通过上面的方法很好的解决了主的误操作影响到从,前提是从允许延迟一定的时间。那如何解决呢?当在主上执行了误操作之后,回到从上
执行:
slave stop;
再执行:
MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'log_name
', MASTER_LOG_POS = log_pos
Pos通过mysqlbinlog查看二进制日志获得。
这样就跳过了错误,最后通过切换主从或则把从的表覆盖到主上(需要关闭应用)让主的误操作的数据恢复,和通过binlog和备份比大大减少了恢复时间。
在5.6里面已经包含了延迟这个功能:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_DELAY = N ...;