• JDBC第二篇--【PreparedStatment、批处理、处理二进制、自动主键、调用存储过程、函数】


    这是我JDBC的第一篇

    http://blog.csdn.net/hon_3y/article/details/53535798


    1.PreparedStatement对象

    PreparedStatement对象继承Statement对象,它比Statement对象更强大,使用起来更简单

    1. Statement对象编译SQL语句时,如果SQL语句有变量,就需要使用分隔符来隔开,如果变量非常多,就会使SQL变得非常复杂。PreparedStatement可以使用占位符,简化sql的编写
    2. Statement会频繁编译SQL。PreparedStatement可对SQL进行预编译,提高效率,预编译的SQL存储在PreparedStatement对象中
    3. PreparedStatement防止SQL注入。【Statement通过分隔符’++’,编写永等式,可以不需要密码就进入数据库】
    
            //模拟查询id为2的信息
            String id = "2";
    
            Connection connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection();
    
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?";
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.preparedStatement(sql);
    
            //第一个参数表示第几个占位符【也就是?号】,第二个参数表示值是多少
            preparedStatement.setString(1,id);
    
            ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
    
            if (resultSet.next()) {
                System.out.println(resultSet.getString("name"));
            }
    
            //释放资源
            UtilsDemo.release(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet);
    

    2.批处理

    当需要向数据库发送一批SQL语句执行时,应避免向数据库一条条发送执行,采用批处理以提升执行效率

    批处理有两种方式:

    1. Statement
    2. PreparedStatement

    通过executeBath()方法批量处理执行SQL语句,返回一个int[]数组,该数组代表各句SQL的返回值

    以下代码是以Statement方式实现批处理

    
            /*
            * Statement执行批处理
            *
            * 优点:
            *       可以向数据库发送不同的SQL语句
            * 缺点:
            *       SQL没有预编译
            *       仅参数不同的SQL,需要重复写多条SQL
            * */
            Connection connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection();
    
            Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
            String sql1 = "UPDATE users SET name='zhongfucheng' WHERE id='3'";
            String sql2 = "INSERT INTO users (id, name, password, email, birthday)" +
                    " VALUES('5','nihao','123','ss@qq.com','1995-12-1')";
    
            //将sql添加到批处理
            statement.addBatch(sql1);
            statement.addBatch(sql2);
    
            //执行批处理
            statement.executeBatch();
    
            //清空批处理的sql
            statement.clearBatch();
    
            UtilsDemo.release(connection, statement, null);
    
    

    以下方式以PreparedStatement方式实现批处理

    
            /*
            * PreparedStatement批处理
            *   优点:
            *       SQL语句预编译了
            *       对于同一种类型的SQL语句,不用编写很多条
            *   缺点:
            *       不能发送不同类型的SQL语句
            *
            * */
            Connection connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection();
    
            String sql = "INSERT INTO test(id,name) VALUES (?,?)";
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    
            for (int i = 1; i <= 205; i++) {
                preparedStatement.setInt(1, i);
                preparedStatement.setString(2, (i + "zhongfucheng"));
    
                //添加到批处理中
                preparedStatement.addBatch();
    
                if (i %2 ==100) {
    
                    //执行批处理
                    preparedStatement.executeBatch();
    
                    //清空批处理【如果数据量太大,所有数据存入批处理,内存肯定溢出】
                    preparedStatement.clearBatch();
                }
    
            }
            //不是所有的%2==100,剩下的再执行一次批处理
            preparedStatement.executeBatch();
    
            //再清空
            preparedStatement.clearBatch();
    
            UtilsDemo.release(connection, preparedStatement, null);
    
    
    
    

    3.处理大文本和二进制数据

    clob和blob

    • clob用于存储大文本
    • blob用于存储二进制数据

    MYSQL

    MySQL存储大文本是用Test【代替clob】,Test又分为4类

    • TINYTEXT
    • TEXT
    • MEDIUMTEXT
    • LONGTEXT

    同理blob也有这4类


    下面用JDBC连接MySQL数据库去操作大文本数据和二进制数据

    
    
    
    /*
    *用JDBC操作MySQL数据库去操作大文本数据
    *
    *setCharacterStream(int parameterIndex,java.io.Reader reader,long length)
    *第二个参数接收的是一个流对象,因为大文本不应该用String来接收,String太大会导致内存溢出
    *第三个参数接收的是文件的大小
    *
    * */
    public class Demo5 {
    
        @Test
        public void add() {
    
            Connection connection = null;
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
            ResultSet resultSet = null;
    
            try {
                connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
                String sql = "INSERT INTO test2 (bigTest) VALUES(?) ";
                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    
                //获取到文件的路径
                String path = Demo5.class.getClassLoader().getResource("BigTest").getPath();
                File file = new File(path);
                FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(file);
    
                //第三个参数,由于测试的Mysql版本过低,所以只能用int类型的。高版本的不需要进行强转
                preparedStatement.setCharacterStream(1, fileReader, (int) file.length());
    
                if (preparedStatement.executeUpdate() > 0) {
                    System.out.println("插入成功");
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null);
            }
    
    
        }
    
        /*
        * 读取大文本数据,通过ResultSet中的getCharacterStream()获取流对象数据
        * 
        * */
        @Test
        public void read() {
    
            Connection connection = null;
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
            ResultSet resultSet = null;
            try {
                connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
                String sql = "SELECT * FROM test2";
                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
    
                if (resultSet.next()) {
    
                    Reader reader = resultSet.getCharacterStream("bigTest");
    
                    FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter("d:\abc.txt");
                    char[] chars = new char[1024];
                    int len = 0;
                    while ((len = reader.read(chars)) != -1) {
                        fileWriter.write(chars, 0, len);
                        fileWriter.flush();
                    }
                    fileWriter.close();
                    reader.close();
    
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, resultSet);
            }
    
        }
    
    
    
    

    
    /*
    * 使用JDBC连接MYsql数据库操作二进制数据
    * 如果我们要用数据库存储一个大视频的时候,数据库是存储不到的。
    * 需要设置max_allowed_packet,一般我们不使用数据库去存储一个视频
    * */
    public class Demo6 {
    
        @Test
        public void add() {
    
    
            Connection connection = null;
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
            ResultSet resultSet = null;
    
    
            try {
                connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
                String sql = "INSERT INTO test3 (blobtest) VALUES(?)";
                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    
                //获取文件的路径和文件对象
                String path = Demo6.class.getClassLoader().getResource("1.wmv").getPath();
                File file = new File(path);
    
                //调用方法
                preparedStatement.setBinaryStream(1, new FileInputStream(path), (int)file.length());
    
                if (preparedStatement.executeUpdate() > 0) {
    
                    System.out.println("添加成功");
                }
    
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null);
            }
    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void read() {
    
    
            Connection connection = null;
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
            ResultSet resultSet = null;
    
    
            try {
                connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
                String sql = "SELECT * FROM test3";
                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    
                resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
    
    
                //如果读取到数据,就把数据写到磁盘下
                if (resultSet.next()) {
                    InputStream inputStream = resultSet.getBinaryStream("blobtest");
                    FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("d:\aa.jpg");
    
                    int len = 0;
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                    while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) > 0) {
    
                        fileOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
    
                    }
                    fileOutputStream.close();
                    inputStream.close();
    
                }
    
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null);
            }
    
        }
    
    
    

    Oracle

    下面用JDBC连接Oracle数据库去操作大文本数据和二进制数据

    
    
    
    //使用JDBC连接Oracle数据库操作二进制数据
    
    /*
    * 对于Oracle数据库和Mysql数据库是有所不同的。
    * 1.Oracle定义了BLOB字段,但是这个字段不是真正地存储二进制数据
    * 2.向这个字段存一个BLOB指针,获取到Oracle的BLOB对象,把二进制数据放到这个指针里面,指针指向BLOB字段
    * 3.需要事务支持
    *
    * */
    public class Demo7 {
        @Test
        public void add() {
    
    
            Connection connection = null;
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
            ResultSet resultSet = null;
    
            try {
                connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection();
    
                //开启事务
                connection.setAutoCommit(false);
    
                //插入一个BLOB指针
                String sql = "insert into test4(id,image) values(?,empty_blob())";
                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1);
                preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
    
                //把BLOB指针查询出来,得到BLOB对象
                String sql2 = "select image from test4 where id= ? for update";
                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
                preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1);
                resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
    
                if (resultSet.next()) {
                    //得到Blob对象--当成是Oracle的Blob,不是JDBC的,所以要强转[导的是oracle.sql.BLOB包]
                    BLOB  blob = (BLOB) resultSet.getBlob("image");
    
                    //写入二进制数据
                    OutputStream outputStream = blob.getBinaryOutputStream();
    
                    //获取到读取文件读入流
                    InputStream inputStream = Demo7.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("01.jpg");
    
                    int len=0;
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
                    while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) > 0) {
    
                        outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
                    }
                    outputStream.close();
                    inputStream.close();
                    connection.setAutoCommit(true);
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                UtilsDemo.release(connection, preparedStatement, null);
            }
    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void find() {
    
            Connection connection = null;
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
            ResultSet resultSet = null;
    
            try {
                connection = UtilsDemo.getConnection();
                String sql = "SELECT * FROM test4 WHERE id=1";
    
                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
                resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
    
                if (resultSet.next()) {
    
                    //获取到BLOB对象
                    BLOB blob = (BLOB) resultSet.getBlob("image");
    
                    //将数据读取到磁盘上
                    InputStream inputStream = blob.getBinaryStream();
                    FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("d:\zhongfucheng.jpg");
                    int len=0;
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
    
                    while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) > 0) {
    
                        fileOutputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
                    }
    
                    inputStream.close();
                    fileOutputStream.close();
    
                }
    
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                UtilsDemo.release(connection, preparedStatement, null);
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    

    对于JDBC连接Oracle数据库操作CLOB数据,我就不再重复了,操作跟BLOB几乎相同


    4.获取数据库的自动主键列

    为什么要获取数据库的自动主键列数据?

    应用场景:

    有一张老师表,一张学生表。现在来了一个新的老师,学生要跟着新老师上课。

    我首先要知道老师的id编号是多少,学生才能知道跟着哪个老师学习【学生外键参照老师主键】。


    
    
        @Test
        public void test() {
    
            Connection connection = null;
            PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
            ResultSet resultSet = null;
    
            try {
                connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
    
                String sql = "INSERT INTO test(name) VALUES(?)";
                preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    
                preparedStatement.setString(1, "ouzicheng");
    
                if (preparedStatement.executeUpdate() > 0) {
    
                    //获取到自动主键列的值
                    resultSet = preparedStatement.getGeneratedKeys();
    
                    if (resultSet.next()) {
                        int id = resultSet.getInt(1);
                        System.out.println(id);
                    }
                }
    
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                JdbcUtils.release(connection, preparedStatement, null);
            }
    
    
    
    

    5.调用数据库的存储过程

    调用存储过程的语法:

    
        {call <procedure-name>[(<arg1>,<arg2>, ...)]}

    调用函数的语法:

    
        {?= call <procedure-name>[(<arg1>,<arg2>, ...)]}

    如果是Output类型的,那么在JDBC调用的时候是要注册的。如下代码所示:

    
    
    /*
        jdbc调用存储过程
    
        delimiter $$
    		CREATE PROCEDURE demoSp(IN inputParam VARCHAR(255), INOUT inOutParam varchar(255))
    		BEGIN
    		    SELECT CONCAT('zyxw---', inputParam) into inOutParam;
    		END $$
        delimiter ;
    */
    //我们在JDBC调用存储过程,就像在调用方法一样
    public class Demo9 {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Connection connection = null;
            CallableStatement callableStatement = null;
    
            try {
                connection = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
    
                callableStatement = connection.prepareCall("{call demoSp(?,?)}");
    
                callableStatement.setString(1, "nihaoa");
    
                //注册第2个参数,类型是VARCHAR
                callableStatement.registerOutParameter(2, Types.VARCHAR);
                callableStatement.execute();
    
                //获取传出参数[获取存储过程里的值]
                String result = callableStatement.getString(2);
                System.out.println(result);
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                try {
                    connection.close();
                    callableStatement.close();
                } catch (SQLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
    
        }
    
    

    参考资料:

    
    
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------过程
    
    #修改mysql语句的结果符为//
    mysql > delimiter //
    
    #定义一个过程,获取users表总记录数,将10设置到变量count中
    create procedure simpleproc(out count int)
    begin
        select count(id) into count from users;
    end
    //
    
    #修改mysql语句的结果符为;
    mysql > delimiter ;
    
    #调用过程,将结果覆给变量a,@是定义变量的符号
    call simpleproc(@a);
    
    #显示变量a的值
    select @a;
    
    //以下是Java调用Mysql的过程
        String sql = "{call simpleproc(?)}";
        Connection conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
        CallableStatement cstmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
        cstmt.registerOutParameter(1,Types.INTEGER);
        cstmt.execute();
        Integer count = cstmt.getInt(1);
        System.out.println("共有" + count + "人");
    
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------函数
    
    #修改mysql语句的结果符为//
    mysql > delimiter //
    
    #定义一个函数,完成字符串拼接
    create function hello( s char(20) ) returns char(50) 
    return concat('hello,',s,'!');
    //
    
    #修改mysql语句的结果符为;
    mysql > delimiter ;
    
    #调用函数
    select hello('world');
    
    //以下是Java调用Mysql的函数
        String sql = "{? = call hello(?)}";
        Connection conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
        CallableStatement cstmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
        cstmt.registerOutParameter(1,Types.VARCHAR);
        cstmt.setString(2,"zhaojun");
        cstmt.execute();
        String value = cstmt.getString(1);
        System.out.println(value);
        JdbcUtil.close(cstmt);
        JdbcUtil.close(conn);
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    如果您觉得这篇文章帮助到了您,可以给作者一点鼓励



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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhong-fucheng/p/7203066.html
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