查看不同的MySQL字符集有不同的方法，下面介绍的命令用于查看当前支持的MySQL字符集，希望对您学习MySQL字符集能有所帮助。
mysql> show char set; +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | | gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 41 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看mysql的编码：
mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for osx10.11 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 13332 Current database: Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: stdout Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.13 Homebrew Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: utf8 Db characterset: utf8 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock Uptime: 23 hours 11 min 16 sec Threads: 4 Questions: 274795 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 330 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 143 Queries per second avg: 3.291 --------------
修改mysql编码为utf8mb4:
查找mysql配置文件：
huijundeMacBook-Pro:etc huijunzhang$ which mysql /usr/local/bin/mysql huijundeMacBook-Pro:bin huijunzhang$ cd /usr/local/bin huijundeMacBook-Pro:bin huijunzhang$ vim mysql mysql mysql_embedded mysql_upgrade mysqld_safe mysqlslap mysql.server mysql_install_db mysqladmin mysqldump mysqltest mysql_client_test mysql_plugin mysqlbinlog mysqldumpslow mysqltest_embedded mysql_client_test_embedded mysql_secure_installation mysqlcheck mysqlimport mysqlxtest mysql_config mysql_ssl_rsa_setup mysqld mysqlpump mysql_config_editor mysql_tzinfo_to_sql mysqld_multi mysqlshow huijundeMacBook-Pro:bin huijunzhang$ vim mysql_config
在mysql_config文件中找到了以下内容：
ldata='/usr/local/var/mysql' execdir='/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.13/bin' bindir='/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.13/bin'
尝试打开/usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.13/bin
huijundeMacBook-Pro:bin huijunzhang$ cd /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.7.13 huijundeMacBook-Pro:5.7.13 huijunzhang$ ls COPYING README homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist lib scripts support-files INSTALL_RECEIPT.json bin include mysql-test share huijundeMacBook-Pro:5.7.13 huijunzhang$ cd support-files/ huijundeMacBook-Pro:support-files huijunzhang$ ls magic my-default.cnf mysql-log-rotate mysql.server mysqld_multi.server huijundeMacBook-Pro:support-files huijunzhang$ cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf huijundeMacBook-Pro:support-files huijunzhang$ vim /etc/my.cnf
/etc/my.cnf添加以下内容：
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake=FALSE
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
重启mysql：
huijundeMacBook-Pro:etc huijunzhang$ mysql.server restart Shutting down MySQL .... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL . SUCCESS!
查看mysql的编码
mysql> status -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.13, for osx10.11 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 26 Current database: Current user: root@localhost SSL: Not in use Current pager: less Using outfile: '' Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.7.13 Homebrew Protocol version: 10 Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket Server characterset: utf8mb4 Db characterset: utf8mb4 Client characterset: utf8mb4 Conn. characterset: utf8mb4 UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock Uptime: 11 hours 55 min 45 sec Threads: 2 Questions: 72312 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 136 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 129 Queries per second avg: 1.683 --------------
至此，大功告成