之所以sockjs会存在,说得不好听点,就是因为微软是个流氓,现在使用windows 7的系统仍然有近半,而windows 7默认自带的是ie 8,有些会自动更新到ie 9,但是大部分非IT用户其实都不愿意或者不会升级(通常我们做IT的认为很简单的事情,在其他行业的人来看,那就是天书,不要觉得不可能,现实已如此)。
现在言归正传,这里完整的讲下在spring 4.x集成sockjs,以及运行在tomcat 7下时的一些额外注意事项。
spring websocket依赖jar:
<dependency> <groupId>javax.websocket</groupId> <artifactId>javax.websocket-api</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> <!-- 注意,scope必须为provided,否则runtime会冲突,如果使用tomcat 8,还需要将TOMCAT_HOME/lib下的javax.websocket-api.jar一并删除 --> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-websocket</artifactId> <version>4.2.8.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
除非使用STOMP协议,否则不需要依赖spring-messaging。
spring通过两种模式支持websocket,一种是通过原生websocket规范的ws://协议访问(个人认为如果确定只用标准websocket访问,还不如tomcat升级到8.x(tomcat 8原生支持JSR 356注解),spring的大量封装毕竟增加了不少额外负载);另一种则是通过sockjs(也就是js)访问,两者目前暂时无法做到兼容。
先完整说明第一种:
1、搭建spring mvc环境,这一点假设读者已知;
2、pom.xml中引入上面两个jar包;
3、spring支持websocket总共分为四个小步骤,handler、interceptor、config、web.xml,基本上可以认为spring mvc的翻版。
3.1、创建WebSocketHandler,spring支持两种方式,一种是实现org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler接口,另外一种则是继承TextWebSocketHandler或BinaryWebSocketHandler(现在大部分模板式框架或者插件通常都是在提供了API的基础上提供了抽象类,把一些能统一的工作提前预置了,以便应用只需要关心业务,我们自己公司的中间件框架很多也是用这个模式实现了)。
/** * */ package com.ld.net.spider.demo.ws; /** * @author zhjh256@163.com * {@link} http://www.cnblogs.com/zhjh256 */ import org.springframework.web.socket.CloseStatus; import org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage; import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler; import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketMessage; import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketSession; public class DemoWSHandler implements WebSocketHandler { @Override public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception { System.out.println("connect to the websocket success......"); session.sendMessage(new TextMessage("Server:connected OK!")); } @Override public void handleMessage(WebSocketSession wss, WebSocketMessage<?> wsm) throws Exception { TextMessage returnMessage = new TextMessage(wsm.getPayload() + " received at server"); System.out.println(wss.getHandshakeHeaders().getFirst("Cookie")); wss.sendMessage(returnMessage); } @Override public void handleTransportError(WebSocketSession wss, Throwable thrwbl) throws Exception { if(wss.isOpen()){ wss.close(); } System.out.println("websocket connection closed......"); } @Override public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession wss, CloseStatus cs) throws Exception { System.out.println("websocket connection closed......"); } @Override public boolean supportsPartialMessages() { return false; } }
3.2、创建拦截器
/** * */ package com.ld.net.spider.demo.ws; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest; import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse; import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketHandler; import org.springframework.web.socket.server.support.HttpSessionHandshakeInterceptor; /** * @author zhjh256@163.com * {@link} http://www.cnblogs.com/zhjh256 */ public class HandshakeInterceptor extends HttpSessionHandshakeInterceptor { @Override public boolean beforeHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler, Map<String, Object> attributes) throws Exception { // 解决The extension [x-webkit-deflate-frame] is not supported问题 if (request.getHeaders().containsKey("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions")) { request.getHeaders().set("Sec-WebSocket-Extensions", "permessage-deflate"); } System.out.println("Before Handshake"); return super.beforeHandshake(request, response, wsHandler, attributes); } @Override public void afterHandshake(ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response, WebSocketHandler wsHandler, Exception ex) { System.out.println("After Handshake"); super.afterHandshake(request, response, wsHandler, ex); } }
3.3、bean配置
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mongo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c" xmlns:amq="http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core" xmlns:websocket="http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket" xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket/spring-websocket.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo/spring-mongo-1.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core http://activemq.apache.org/schema/core/activemq-core.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"> <websocket:handlers allowed-origins="*"> <websocket:mapping path="/springws/websocket.ws" handler="demoWSHandler"/> <websocket:handshake-interceptors> <bean class="com.ld.net.spider.demo.ws.HandshakeInterceptor"/> </websocket:handshake-interceptors> </websocket:handlers> <bean id="demoWSHandler" class="com.ld.net.spider.demo.ws.DemoWSHandler"/>
上述需要注意的是,1、spring javadoc的说明是默认情况下,允许所有来源访问,但我们跑下来发现不配置allowed-origins的话总是报403错误。
2、sockjs是不允许有后缀的,否则将无法匹配,后面会专门讲到。
3.4、web.xml配置
在web.xml中增加*.ws映射即可(如果原来不是/*的话),如下:
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.ws</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
上述配置完成之后,就可以通过标准的websocket接口进行访问了,如下所示。
4、websocket客户端
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Web Socket JavaScript Echo Client</title> <script src="http://cdn.jsdelivr.net/sockjs/1/sockjs.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var echo_websocket; function init() { output = document.getElementById("output"); } function send_echo() { var wsUri = "ws://localhost:28080/springws/websocket.ws"; writeToScreen("Connecting to " + wsUri); echo_websocket = new WebSocket(wsUri); echo_websocket.onopen = function (evt) { writeToScreen("Connected !"); doSend(textID.value); }; echo_websocket.onmessage = function (evt) { writeToScreen("Received message: " + evt.data); echo_websocket.close(); }; echo_websocket.onerror = function (evt) { writeToScreen('<span style="color: red;">ERROR:</span> ' + evt.data); echo_websocket.close(); }; } function doSend(message) { echo_websocket.send(message); writeToScreen("Sent message: " + message); } function writeToScreen(message) { var pre = document.createElement("p"); pre.style.wordWrap = "break-word"; pre.innerHTML = message; output.appendChild(pre); } window.addEventListener("load", init, false); </script> </head> <body> <h1>Echo Server</h1> <div style="text-align: left;"> <form action=""> <input onclick="send_echo()" value="发送socket请求" type="button"> <input id="textID" name="message" value="Hello World, Web Sockets" type="text"> <br> </form> </div> <div id="output"></div> </body> </html>
上述前后端均配置完成后,基于标准websocket api的搭建就完成了,试试吧。。
现在再来看下sockjs的配置。
spring对sockjs和websocket支持的差别在于配置,web.xml,以及客户端,服务实现无差别。
3.3需要调整为如下:
<websocket:handlers> <websocket:mapping path="/springws/websocket" handler="demoWSHandler"/> <websocket:handshake-interceptors> <bean class="com.ld.net.spider.demo.ws.HandshakeInterceptor"/> </websocket:handshake-interceptors> <websocket:sockjs/> </websocket:handlers> <bean id="demoWSHandler" class="com.ld.net.spider.demo.ws.DemoWSHandler"/>
3.4 一定要有到/xxx/*的映射,简单的可以直接/*,如下所示:
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
上述配置完成后,就sockjs直接性的支持而言,就可以没有问题了。
客户端则为如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Web Socket JavaScript Echo Client</title> <script src="http://cdn.jsdelivr.net/sockjs/1/sockjs.min.js"></script> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var echo_websocket; function init() { output = document.getElementById("output"); } function send_echo() { echo_websocket = new SockJS("http://localhost:28080/springws/websocket") ; //初始化 websocket echo_websocket.onopen = function () { console.log('Info: connection opened.'); }; echo_websocket.onmessage = function (event) { console.log('Received: ' + event.data); //处理服务端返回消息 }; echo_websocket.onclose = function (event) { console.log('Info: connection closed.'); console.log(event); }; ws.send("abcabc"); } function doSend(message) { echo_websocket.send(message); writeToScreen("Sent message: " + message); } function writeToScreen(message) { var pre = document.createElement("p"); pre.style.wordWrap = "break-word"; pre.innerHTML = message; output.appendChild(pre); } window.addEventListener("load", init, false); </script> </head> <body> <h1>Echo Server</h1> <div style="text-align: left;"> <form action=""> <input onclick="send_echo()" value="send websocket request" type="button"> <input id="textID" name="message" value="Hello world, Web Sockets" type="text"> <br> </form> </div> <div id="output"></div> </body> </html>
上述配置完成后,如果访问没有CORS异常的话,基于sockjs的websocket就完成了。试试吧。。。
典型错误及原因、解决方法如下:
Error during WebSocket handshake: Unexpected response code: 404
检查web.xml servlet-mapping包含了到websocket路径的映射,比如如果请求不含后缀,就必须包含/*的映射
WebSocket connection to 'ws://localhost:8080/springwebsocket/websocket' failed: Error during WebSocket handshake: Unexpected response code: 403
<websocket:handlers allowed-origins="*">,javadoc说明默认代表所有站点,实际好像并不是,所以需要配置*
sockjs启用
启用sockjs后,直接用websocket协议访问会报
html5ws.html:15 WebSocket connection to 'ws://localhost:28080/springws/websocket.ws' failed: Error during WebSocket handshake: Unexpected response code: 200
直接改为sockjs后,会报
XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://localhost:28080/springws/websocket.ws/info?t=1478758042205. No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource. Origin 'http://localhost:63342' is therefore not allowed access. The response had HTTP status code 404.
需要在web.xml中配置CORS过滤(注意,如果apache有自带的类库,建议直接使用,不要随意听信网上的自己实现过滤器的搞法,这些库一天的运行次数可能就比自己写的运行到淘汰还多,所以几乎常见的问题都不可能遗漏):
<filter> <filter-name>CorsFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.catalina.filters.CorsFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>cors.allowed.methods</param-name> <param-value>GET,POST,HEAD,OPTIONS,PUT</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>cors.allowed.headers</param-name> <!--注意,若你的应用中不只有这些文件头,则需要将你应用中需要传的文件头也加上; 例如:我的应用中需要在header中传token,所以这里的值就应该是下面的配置,在原有基础上将token加上,否则,应用就不会被允许调用 <param-value>token,Access-Control-Allow-Origin,Content-Type,X-Requested-With,accept,Origin,Access-Control-Request-Method,Access-Control-Request-Headers</param-value> --> <param-value>Access-Control-Allow-Origin,Content-Type,X-Requested-With,accept,Origin,Access-Control-Request-Method,Access-Control-Request-Headers</param-value> </init-param> <async-supported>true</async-supported> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CorsFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
使用sockjs还有一点需要注意的是:
因为sockjs会自动在url之后增加/info?t=XXXX等路径,如果这里url-pattern拦截类似于*.ws这种带后缀的就找不到映射,比如想通过sockjs访问地址/springws/websocket.ws,但是sockjs框架会先访问/springws/websocket.ws/info这个地址,但是这个地址又不可被spring框架识别,所以导致不可用。
到此为止,tomcat 7下spring 4.x mvc集成websocket以及sockjs的配置就全部介绍完成。
今天看群里一个消息的时候,提到HA时一台服务器挂掉的问题,这就回到socket的思路了,客户端也得加上个定时的心跳逻辑,万一某台服务器挂了或者断网可以failover并自动重新建立连接。在我们的业务中,可靠性这一点是很关键的。
默认情况下,ws://走的时候http协议,即使主页面是通过https访问,此时会出现连接时异常"[blocked] The page at 'https://localhost:8443/endpoint-wss/index.jsp' was loaded over HTTPS, but ran insecure content from 'ws://localhost:8080/endpoint-wss/websocket': this content should also be loaded over HTTPS.Uncaught SecurityError: Failed to construct 'WebSocket': An insecure WebSocket connection may not be initiated from a page loaded over HTTPS.",此时需要使用如下连接:
websocket:wss://localhost:8080/endpoint-wss/websocket
sockJS:https://localhost:8080/endpoint-wss/socketJS
配置nginx支持websocket,默认情况下,nginx不支持自动升级至websocket协议,否则js中会出现连接时异常"Error during WebSocket handshake: Unexpected response code: 400",需在恰当的位置加上如下设置:
server { listen 8020; location / { proxy_pass http://websocket;
proxy_set_header Host $host:8020; #注意, 原host必须配置, 否则传递给后台的值是websocket,端口如果没有输入的话会是80, 这会导致连接失败 proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade"; } }
upstream websocket { server 192.168.100.10:8081; }
经上述调整后,websocket就可以同时支持通过nginx代理的https协议,结合MQ机制,可以做到B端实时推送、B端/C端实时通信。
nginx的https(自动跳转http->https)+nginx+websocket的完整配置可参考http://www.cnblogs.com/zhjh256/p/6262620.html。