目录
阿里云centos安装oracle
阿里云默认没有swap分区，oracle安装需要
创建swap分区是为了弥补物理内存的不足，也就是虚拟内存的概念，把硬盘的一部分划分作为虚拟内存，但这个空间不是越大越好，硬盘的速度远低于内存，设置不当反而拖慢系统的速度。
阿里云的主机默认没有swap分区，可以使用free命令查看。
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使用dd命令创建一个swap分区: dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1048576 (count的值是：size（多少M）* 1024，我这里设置的1G虚拟内存，也就是count=1024000)
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格式化swap分区: mkswap /home/swap
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把格式化后的文件分区设置为swap分区: swapon /home/swap （关闭SWAP分区命令为：[root@localhost Desktop]#swapoff /home/swap）
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swap分区自动挂载:vi /etc/fstab 在文件末尾加上"/home/swap swap swap default 0 0"
安装Oracle所需的依赖包
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel sysstat ksh
创建用户和组
groupadd -g 200 oinstall #添加oinstall组，组的id为200
groupadd -g 201 dba #添加dba组，组的id为201
useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle #添加用户oracle,并specified它的id为440.
passwd oracle #输入oracle用户的密码
id oracle #查看用户id和所属组。
关闭SELINUX(阿里云缺省关闭)
vim /etc/selinux/config #编辑配置文件,关闭SELINUX
setenforce 0 #立即关闭SELINUX
开始安装
使用“su - u oracle”切换到oracle账号下
把下面两个文件上传到CentOS7-64bits服务器的/app/oracle目录下（我比较喜欢把软件安装在/app下）
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
在/app/oracle目录下会出现database目录。
vim /app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
修改db_install.rsp文件
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=可以写本机地址
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=zh_CN,en
ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle2018
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
安装Oracle
oracle账号登陆,在/app/oracle/database路径下执行开始安装
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
安装成功之后会出现如下：
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
按照提示以root身份登录CentOS7系统执行如下命令
/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
以oracle身份登录CentOS7系统，设置环境变量
vi ~/.bash_profile
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
使用下面命令使环境变量生效:source ~/.bash_profile
为了使sqlplus能够访问远程oracle数据库，不但要配置“TNS_ADMIN”环境变量，还需要环境变量指向的地址（我这里是/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/）中放入tnsnames.ora文件
下面是我tnsnames.ora的内容，其中orcl是数据库名字。
localoracle =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 127.0.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)
建库
确认并修改/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp，其中修改的都是CREATEDATABASE操作的内容，其他的不动。
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8"
用oracle账号调用下面的命令
dbca -silent -responseFile /app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp
#执行结束后需要输入2次oracle设置的密码
验证Oracle安装是否成功：
su - u oracle
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
select * from tabs;
如果成功运行，表示oracle已经启来，否则需要运行“startup”命令启动oracle.
添加listener.ora文件
位置：/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin
文件内容
# copyright (c) 1997 by the Oracle Corporation
#
# NAME
# listener.ora
# FUNCTION
# Network Listener startup parameter file example
# NOTES
# This file contains all the parameters for listener.ora,
# and could be used to configure the listener by uncommenting
# and changing values. Multiple listeners can be configured
# in one listener.ora, so listener.ora parameters take the form
# of SID_LIST_<lsnr>, where <lsnr> is the name of the listener
# this parameter refers to. All parameters and values are
# case-insensitive.
# <lsnr>
# This parameter specifies both the name of the listener, and
# it listening address(es). Other parameters for this listener
# us this name in place of <lsnr>. When not specified,
# the name for <lsnr> defaults to "LISTENER", with the default
# address value as shown below.
#
# LISTENER =
# (ADDRESS_LIST=
# (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))
# (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY)))
LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION_LIST=(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))
)
)
# SID_LIST_<lsnr>
# List of services the listener knows about and can connect
# clients to. There is no default. See the Net8 Administrator's
# Guide for more information.
#
# SID_LIST_LISTENER=
# (SID_LIST=
# (SID_DESC=
# #BEQUEATH CONFIG
# (GLOBAL_DBNAME=salesdb.mycompany)
# (SID_NAME=sid1)
# (ORACLE_HOME=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3)
# #PRESPAWN CONFIG
# (PRESPAWN_MAX=20)
# (PRESPAWN_LIST=
# (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))
# )
# )
# )
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
(SID_LIST=
(SID_DESC=
(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)
(SID_NAME=orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME=/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(PRESPAWN_MAX=20)
(PRESPAWN_LIST=
(PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))
)
)
)
# PASSWORDS_<lsnr>
# Specifies a password to authenticate stopping the listener.
# Both encrypted and plain-text values can be set. Encrypted passwords
# can be set and stored using lsnrctl.
# LSNRCTL> change_password
# Will prompt for old and new passwords, and use encryption both
# to match the old password and to set the new one.
# LSNRCTL> set password
# Will prompt for the new password, for authentication with
# the listener. The password must be set before running the next
# command.
# LSNRCTL> save_config
# Will save the changed password to listener.ora. These last two
# steps are not necessary if SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr> is ON.
# See below.
#
# Default: NONE
#
# PASSWORDS_LISTENER = 20A22647832FB454 # "foobar"
# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr>
# Tells the listener to save configuration changes to listener.ora when
# it shuts down. Changed parameter values will be written to the file,
# while preserving formatting and comments.
# Default: OFF
# Values: ON/OFF
#
# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_LISTENER = ON
# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_<lsnr>
# Tells the listener to contact an Onames server and register itself
# and its services with Onames.
# Values: ON/OFF
# Default: OFF
#
# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_LISTENER = ON
# LOG_FILE_<lsnr>
# Sets the name of the listener's log file. The .log extension
# is added automatically.
# Default=<lsnr>
#
# LOG_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr
# LOG_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>
# Sets the directory for the listener's log file.
# Default: <oracle_home>/network/log
#
# LOG_DIRECTORY_LISTENER = /private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/log
# TRACE_LEVEL_<lsnr>
# Specifies desired tracing level.
# Default: OFF
# Values: OFF/USER/ADMIN/SUPPORT/0-16
#
# TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = SUPPORT
# TRACE_FILE_<lsnr>
# Sets the name of the listener's trace file. The .trc extension
# is added automatically.
# Default: <lsnr>
#
# TRACE_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr
# TRACE_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>
# Sets the directory for the listener's trace file.
# Default: <oracle_home>/network/trace
#
# TRACE_DIRECTORY_LISTENER=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/trace
# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_<lsnr>
# Sets the number of seconds that the listener waits to get a
# valid database query after it has been started.
# Default: 10
#
# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER=10
使用lsnrctl start命令启动侦听器