AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater可以保证对象属性的原子性

AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater测试类

package com.dwz.atomicApi;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;

public class AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<TestMe> updater = AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(TestMe.class, "i");
        TestMe me = new TestMe();
        
        for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread() {
                public void run() {
                    for(int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                        int v = updater.getAndIncrement(me);
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "=>" + v);
                    }
                }
            }.start();
        }
    }
    
    static class TestMe {
        volatile int i;
    }
}

测试结果正常

有几种情况会导致AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater失败

情况一：不能访问同包类中的私有变量

目标类

package concurrency;

public class TestMe {
    private volatile int i;
}

AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater测试类

package concurrency;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;

import org.junit.Test;

public class FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest {
    
    @Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
    public void testPrivateFieldAccessError() {
        AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<TestMe> updater = AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(TestMe.class, "i");
        TestMe me = new TestMe();
        updater.compareAndSet(me, 0, 1);
    }
}

不加@Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)会出错

java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class concurrency.FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest can not access a member of class concurrency.TestMe with modifiers "private volatile"
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater$AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterImpl.<init>(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:405)
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:88)
    at concurrency.FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest.testPrivateFieldAccessError(FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest.java:11)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalAccessException: Class concurrency.FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest can not access a member of class concurrency.TestMe with modifiers "private volatile"
    at sun.reflect.Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(Reflection.java:102)
    at sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil.ensureMemberAccess(ReflectUtil.java:103)
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater$AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterImpl.<init>(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:394)
    ... 25 more

意思是不能访问同包类中的私有变量

情况二：访问的对象不能是null

目标类

package concurrency;

public class TestMe {
    volatile int i;
}

测试类

package concurrency;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;

import org.junit.Test;

public class FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest {
    @Test
    public void testTargetObjectIsNull() {
        AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<TestMe> updater = AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(TestMe.class, "i");
        updater.compareAndSet(null, 0, 1);
    }
}

测试结果：

java.lang.ClassCastException
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater$AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterImpl.throwAccessCheckException(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:475)
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater$AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterImpl.accessCheck(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:466)
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater$AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterImpl.compareAndSet(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:488)
    at concurrency.FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest.testTargetObjectIsNull(FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest.java:19)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209)

情况三：目标对象的字段名称错误

目标类

package concurrency;

public class TestMe {
    volatile int i;
}

测试类

package concurrency;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;

import org.junit.Test;

public class FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest {
    @Test
    public void testFieldNameInvalid() {
        AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<TestMe> updater = AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(TestMe.class, "i1");
        TestMe me = new TestMe();
        updater.compareAndSet(me, 0, 1);
    }
}

测试结果

java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.NoSuchFieldException: i1
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater$AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterImpl.<init>(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:403)
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:88)
    at concurrency.FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest.testFieldNameInvalid(FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest.java:24)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:89)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:541)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:763)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:463)
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:209)
Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchFieldException: i1
    at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredField(Class.java:2070)
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater$AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterImpl$1.run(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:390)
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater$AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterImpl$1.run(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:388)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater$AtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterImpl.<init>(AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.java:387)
    ... 25 more

 情况四：目标对象的字段类型调用错误

测试类

package concurrency;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater;

import org.junit.Test;

public class FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest {
    @Test
    public void testFieldTypeInvalid() {
        AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater<TestMe2, Long> updater = AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater.newUpdater(TestMe2.class, Long.class, "i");
        TestMe2 me = new TestMe2();
        updater.compareAndSet(me, 0L, 1L);
    }
    
    static class TestMe2 {
        volatile Integer i;
    }
}

测试结果

java.lang.ClassCastException

情况五：目标对象字段没有用volatile修饰

package concurrency;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater;

import org.junit.Test;

public class FailedAtomicIntegerFieldUpdaterTest {
    static class TestMe2 {
        Integer i;
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testFieldIsNotVolatile() {
        AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater<TestMe2, Integer> updater = AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater.newUpdater(TestMe2.class, Integer.class, "i");
        TestMe2 me = new TestMe2();
        updater.compareAndSet(me, 0, 1);
    }
}

测试结果：

java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Must be volatile type

 总结：

使用AtomicXXXFieldUpdater的原因

a.想让类的属性操作具有原子性：
1.必须是volatile修饰
2.非private,protected(如果是当前类也可以)
3.类型必须一致
b.不想使用锁(包括显示锁和重量级锁synchronized)
c.大量需要原子类型修饰的对象，相对耗费内存，AtomicXXXFieldUpdater至少可以省一半内存