The First Android App----Adding the Action Bar

In its most basic form, the action bar displays the title for the activity and the app icon on the left. Even in this simple form, the action bar is useful for all activities to inform users about where they are and to maintain a consistent identity for your app.

Figure 1. An action bar with the app icon and activity title.

Suport Android2.1 or Above

Adding the action bar when running on versions older than Android 3.0 (down to Android 2.1) requires that you include the Android Support Library (the v7 appcompat library)in your application.

 

Once you have the Support Library integrated with your app project:

 

1. Update your activity so that it extends ActionBarActivity. For example:

   publicclassMainActivityextendsActionBarActivity{...}

2. In your manifest file, update either the <application> element or individual <activity> elements to use one of the Theme.AppCompat themes. For example:

   <activityandroid:theme="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Light" ... >

   Note: If you've created a custom theme, be sure it uses one of the Theme.AppCompat themes as its parent. For details, see Styling the Action Bar.

 

Now your activity includes the action bar when running on Android 2.1 (API level 7) or higher.

 

Remember to properly set your app's API level support in the manifest:

 

<manifest ... >
    <uses-sdkandroid:minSdkVersion="7"  android:targetSdkVersion="18"/>
    ...
</manifest>

Adding Action Buttons

The action bar allows you to add buttons for the most important action items relating to the app's current context. Those that appear directly in the action bar with an icon and/or text are known as action buttons. Actions that can't fit in the action bar or aren't important enough are hidden in the action overflow.

Figure 1. An action bar with an action button for Search and the action overflow, which reveals additional actions.

All action buttons and other items available in the action overflow are defined in an XML menu resource. To add actions to the action bar, create a new XML file in your project's res/menu/ directory.

Add an <item> element for each item you want to include in the action bar. For example:

res/menu/main_activity_actions.xml

<menuxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!-- Search, should appear as action button -->
    <itemandroid:id="@+id/action_search"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_action_search"
          android:title="@string/action_search"
          android:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
    <!-- Settings, should always be in the overflow -->
    <itemandroid:id="@+id/action_settings"
          android:title="@string/action_settings"
          android:showAsAction="never"/>
</menu>

Download action bar icons

To best match the Android iconography guidelines, you should use icons provided in the Action Bar Icon Pack.

This declares that the Search action should appear as an action button when room is available in the action bar, but the Settings action should always appear in the overflow. (By default, all actions appear in the overflow, but it's good practice to explicitly declare your design intentions for each action.)

If your app is using the Support Library for compatibility on versions as low as Android 2.1, the showAsAction attribute is not available from the android: namespace. Instead this attribute is provided by the Support Library and you must define your own XML namespace and use that namespace as the attribute prefix. (A custom XML namespace should be based on your app name, but it can be any name you want and is only accessible within the scope of the file in which you declare it.) For example:

res/menu/main_activity_actions.xml

<menuxmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      xmlns:yourapp="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
    <!-- Search, should appear as action button -->
    <itemandroid:id="@+id/action_search"
          android:icon="@drawable/ic_action_search"
          android:title="@string/action_search"
          yourapp:showAsAction="ifRoom"  />
    ...
</menu>

To place the menu items into the action bar, implement the onCreateOptionsMenu() callback method in your activity to inflate the menu resource into the given Menu object. For example:

@Override
publicboolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){
    // Inflate the menu items for use in the action bar
    MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
    inflater.inflate(R.menu.main_activity_actions, menu);
    returnsuper.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
}

When the user presses one of the action buttons or another item in the action overflow, the system calls your activity's onOptionsItemSelected() callback method. In your implementation of this method, call getItemId() on the given MenuItem to determine which item was pressed—the returned ID matches the value you declared in the corresponding <item> element's android:id attribute.

@Override
publicboolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){
    // Handle presses on the action bar items
    switch(item.getItemId()){
        case R.id.action_search:
            openSearch();
            returntrue;
        case R.id.action_settings:
            openSettings();
            returntrue;
        default:
            returnsuper.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

All screens in your app that are not the main entrance to your app (activities that are not the "home" screen) should offer the user a way to navigate to the logical parent screen in the app's hierarchy by pressing the Up button in the action bar.

When running on Android 4.1 (API level 16) or higher, or when using ActionBarActivity from the Support Library, performing Up navigation simply requires that you declare the parent activity in the manifest file and enable the Up button for the action bar.

For example, here's how you can declare an activity's parent in the manifest:

<application ... >
    ...
    <!-- The main/home activity (it has no parent activity) -->
    <activity
        android:name="com.example.myfirstapp.MainActivity" ...>
        ...
    </activity>
    <!-- A child of the main activity -->
    <activity
        android:name="com.example.myfirstapp.DisplayMessageActivity"
        android:label="@string/title_activity_display_message"
        android:parentActivityName="com.example.myfirstapp.MainActivity">
        <!-- Parent activity meta-data to support 4.0 and lower -->
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
            android:value="com.example.myfirstapp.MainActivity"/>
    </activity>
</application>

Then enable the app icon as the Up button by calling setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled():

@Override
publicvoid onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_displaymessage);

    getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
    // If your minSdkVersion is 11 or higher, instead use:
    // getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
}

Because the system now knows MainActivity is the parent activity for DisplayMessageActivity, when the user presses the Up button, the system navigates to the parent activity as appropriate—you do not need to handle the Up button's event.