python-pytest学习（十四）配置文件pytest.ini

一、前言

　　pytest配置文件可以改变pytest的运行方式，它是一个固定的文件pytest.ini文件，读取配置信息，按指定的方式去执行。

二、ini配置文件

　　pytest里面有些文件是非test文件

　　（1）pytest.ini pytest的主配置文件，可以改变pytest的默认行为

　　（2）conftest.py测试用例的一些fixture配置

　　（3）init.py识别该文件夹为python的package包

　　（4）tox.ini与pytest.ini类似，用tox工具时候才有用

　　（5）setup.cfg也是ini格式文件，影响setup.py的行为

ini文件基本格式

# 保存为pytest.ini文件

[pytest]
addopts = -rsxX
xfail_strict = true

使用pytest --help指令可以查看pytest.ini的设置选项

[pytest] ini-options in the first pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg file found:

  markers (linelist)       markers for test functions
  empty_parameter_set_mark (string) default marker for empty parametersets
  norecursedirs (args)     directory patterns to avoid for recursion
  testpaths (args)         directories to search for tests when no files or dire

  console_output_style (string) console output: classic or with additional progr

  usefixtures (args)       list of default fixtures to be used with this project

  python_files (args)      glob-style file patterns for Python test module disco

  python_classes (args)    prefixes or glob names for Python test class discover

  python_functions (args)  prefixes or glob names for Python test function and m

  xfail_strict (bool)      default for the strict parameter of 
  addopts (args)           extra command line options
  minversion (string)      minimally required pytest version

--rsxX表示pytest报告所有测试用例被跳过、预计失败、预计失败但实际被通过的原因

三、mark标记

如下案例，使用了2个标签：webtest和hello，使用mark标记功能对于以后分类测试非常有用处

import pytest

@pytest.mark.webtest
def test_send_http():
    print("mark web test")

def test_something_quick():
    pass

def test_another():
    pass

@pytest.mark.hello
class TestClass:
    def test_01(self):
        print("hello:")

    def test_02(self):
        print("hello world!")

if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["-v","test_mark.py","-m=hello"])

运行结果：

============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.0, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.5.4, pluggy-0.6.0 -- D:softpython3.6python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
metadata: {'Python': '3.6.0', 'Platform': 'Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1', 'Packages': {'pytest': '3.6.3', 'py': '1.5.4', 'pluggy': '0.6.0'}, 'Plugins': {'metadata': '1.7.0', 'html': '1.19.0', 'allure-adaptor': '1.7.10'}, 'JAVA_HOME': 'D:\soft\jdk18\jdk18v'}
rootdir: D:YOYO, inifile:
plugins: metadata-1.7.0, html-1.19.0, allure-adaptor-1.7.10
collecting ... collected 5 items / 3 deselected

test_mark.py::TestClass::test_01 PASSED                                  [ 50%]
test_mark.py::TestClass::test_02 PASSED                                  [100%]

=================== 2 passed, 3 deselected in 0.11 seconds ====================

　　有时候标签多了，不容易记住，为了方便后续执行指令的时候能准确使用mark的标签，可以写入到pytest.ini文件

# pytest.ini
[pytest]

markers = 
    webtest: Run the webtest case
    hello: Run the hello case

　　标记好之后，可以使用pytest --markers查看到

pytest --markers

四、禁用xpass

　　设置xfail_strict = true可以让那些标记为@pytest.mark.xfail但实际通过的测试用例被报告为失败，什么叫标记为@pytest.mark.xfail但实际通过，这个比较绕脑，看以下案例

import pytest

def test_hello():
    print("hello world!")
    assert 1

@pytest.mark.xfail()
def test_01():
    a = "hello"
    b = "hello world"
    assert a == b

@pytest.mark.xfail()
def test_02():
    a = "hello"
    b = "hello world"
    assert a != b

if __name__=="__main__":
    pytest.main(["-v","test_xpass.py"])

　　运行结果：

collecting ... collected 3 items

test_xpass.py::test_hello PASSED    [ 33%]
test_xpass.py::test_01 xfail     [ 66%]
test_xpass.py::test_02 XPASS     [100%]

=============== 1 passed, 1 xfailed, 1 xpassed in 0.27 seconds ================

　　test_01和test_02这2个用例一个是a == b一个是a != b，两个都标记失败了，我们希望两个用例不用执行全部显示xfail。实际上最后一个却显示xpass。为了让两个都显示xfail，那就加个配置xfail_strict = true

# pytest.ini
[pytest]

markers = 
    webtest:    Run the webtest case
    hello:   Run the hello case

xfail_strict = true

运行结果：

collecting ... collected 3 items

test_xpass.py::test_hello PASSED        [ 33%]
test_xpass.py::test_01 xfail         [ 66%]
test_xpass.py::test_02 FAILED        [100%]

================================== FAILURES ===================================
_________________________________ test_yoyo2 __________________________________
[XPASS(strict)] 
================ 1 failed, 1 passed, 1 xfailed in 0.05 seconds ================

参考文章：https://www.jianshu.com/p/a613a3a4d030