Ubuntu的官方源对于国内用户来说是比较慢的，可以将它的源换成国内的源，用起来就快很多了。
# Ubuntu server 环境 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo su - [sudo] password for ubuntu: root@ubuntu:~# uname -r 3.19.0-25-generic root@DDTSC-Test-01:~# lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS Release: 14.04 Codename: trusty root@ubuntu:~# ufw status Status: inactive root@ubuntu:~# ufw version ufw 0.34~rc-0ubuntu2 Copyright 2008-2012 Canonical Ltd. # Ubuntu自带的源 root@ubuntu:~# grep -E -v '^#|^$' /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-security multiverse # 备份源列表 root@ubuntu:~# mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_bak # 阿里云源 root@ubuntu:~# vim /etc/apt/sources.list deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Not recommended # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse 以上内容的带有词含义解析： proposed 预发布软件源，不建议启用 deb-src 源码 # 更新源 root@ubuntu:~# apt-get update ... ...若出现以下错误提示 ..."Hash Sum mismatch" 解决办法： sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* # 删掉/var/lib/apt/lists 这个目录下的东西 sudo mkdir /var/lib/apt/lists/partial # 新建相应文件夹 sudo apt-get update # 重新update # 更新软件 root@ubuntu:~# apt-get upgrade ... ...若出现以下错误提示 subprocess dpkg-deb --control returned error exit status 2 E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) 解决办法： cd /var/lib/dpkg/ sudo mv info/ info_bak # 现将info文件夹更名 sudo mkdir info # 再新建一个新的info文件夹 sudo apt-get update # 更新 sudo apt-get -f install # 修复 sudo mv info/* info_bak/ # 执行完上一步操作后会在新的info文件夹下生成一些文件，现将这些文件全部移到info_bak文件夹下 sudo rm -rf info # 把自己新建的info文件夹删掉 sudo mv info_bak info # 把以前的info文件夹重新改回名 apt-get upgrade和dist-upgrade的差别: upgrade：系统将现有的Package升级,如果有相依性的问题,而此相依性需要安装其它新的Package或影响到其它Package的相依性时,此Package就不会被升级,会保留下来. dist-upgrade：可以聪明的解决相依性的问题,如果有相依性问题,需要安装/移除新的Package,就会试着去安装/移除它. (所以通常这个会被认为是有点风险的升级) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 清华源 deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 中科大源 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # 网易163源 deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse