• Java笔记(八)


    GUI:

    awt和swing:

    java.awt:Abstract Window ToolKit(抽象窗口工具包),需要调用本地系统方法实现功能。属于重量级控件。

    javax.swing:在awt的基础上,建立的一套图形界面系统,其中提供了更多的组件,而且完全由Java实现。增强了移植性,属于轻量级控件。

    创建图形化界面:

    (1)创建Frame窗体;

    (2)对窗体进行基本设置。如:大小、位置、布局;

    (3)定义组件;

    (4)将组件通过窗体的add方法添加到窗体中;

    (5)让窗体显示,通过setVisible(true)。

    事件监听机制的特点:

    (1)事件源

    (2)事件

    (3)监听器

    (4)事件处理

    事件源:就是awt包或者swing包中的那些图形界面组件。

    事件:每一个事件源都有自己特有的对应事件和共性事件。

    监听器:将可以触发某一个事件的动作(不止一个)都封装到了监听器中。

    以上三者,在Java中都定义好了,直接获取其对象来用就可以。我们只要对产生的动作进行处理。

     1 import java.awt.Button;
     2 import java.awt.FlowLayout;
     3 import java.awt.Frame;
     4 import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
     5 import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
     6 import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
     7 import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
     8 
     9 public class Demo{
    10     //定义该图形中的所需组件的引用
    11     private Frame f;
    12     private Button b;
    13     Demo(){
    14         init();
    15     }
    16     public void init(){
    17         f = new Frame("my frame");
    18         
    19         //对frame进行基本设置
    20         f.setBounds(300, 200, 300, 200);
    21         f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    22         
    23         b = new Button("按钮");
    24         
    25         //将组件添加到frame中
    26         f.add(b);
    27         
    28         //加载一下窗体上的事件
    29         myEvent();
    30         
    31         //显示窗体
    32         f.setVisible(true);
    33     }
    34     private void myEvent(){
    35         f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
    36             public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
    37                 System.exit(0);
    38             }
    39         });
    40         
    41         //让按钮具备退出程序的功能
    42         //此时按钮就是事件源,想要知道哪个组件具备什么样的特有监听器,需要查看该组件对象的功能,通过查阅button的描述,
    43         //发现按钮支持一个特有监听addActionListener
    44         b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    45             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
    46                 System.exit(0);
    47             }
    48         });
    49     }
    50     public static void main(String[] args){
    51         new Demo();
    52     }
    53 }

    鼠标事件:

     1 import java.awt.Button;
     2 import java.awt.FlowLayout;
     3 import java.awt.Frame;
     4 import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
     5 import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
     6 import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
     7 import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
     8 
     9 public class Demo{
    10     private Frame f;
    11     private Button b;
    12     Demo(){
    13         init();
    14     }
    15     public void init(){
    16         f = new Frame("my frame");
    17         
    18         f.setBounds(300, 200, 300, 200);
    19         f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    20         
    21         b = new Button("按钮");
    22         
    23         f.add(b);
    24         
    25         myEvent();
    26         
    27         f.setVisible(true);
    28     }
    29     private void myEvent(){
    30         f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
    31             public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
    32                 System.exit(0);
    33             }
    34         });
    35         b.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter(){
    36             public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){
    37                 System.out.println("鼠标进入该组件");
    38             }
    39             
    40             public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){
    41                 if(e.getClickCount() == 2)
    42                     System.out.println("双击动作");
    43             }
    44         });
    45     }
    46     public static void main(String[] args){
    47         new Demo();
    48     }
    49 }

    键盘事件:

     1 import java.awt.Button;
     2 import java.awt.FlowLayout;
     3 import java.awt.Frame;
     4 import java.awt.TextField;
     5 import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
     6 import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
     7 import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
     8 import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
     9 
    10 public class Demo{
    11     private Frame f;
    12     private Button b;
    13     private TextField tf;
    14     Demo(){
    15         init();
    16     }
    17     public void init(){
    18         f = new Frame("my frame");
    19         
    20         f.setBounds(300, 200, 300, 200);
    21         f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    22         
    23         tf = new TextField(20);
    24         
    25         b = new Button("按钮");
    26         
    27         f.add(b);
    28         f.add(tf);
    29         
    30         myEvent();
    31         
    32         f.setVisible(true);
    33     }
    34     private void myEvent(){
    35         f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
    36             public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
    37                 System.exit(0);
    38             }
    39         });
    40         
    41         //添加键盘监听
    42         b.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){
    43 //            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){
    44 //                //按“ESC”键,程序退出
    45 //                if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE)
    46 //                    System.exit(0);
    47 //            }
    48             
    49             //Ctrl+回车键,使程序退出
    50             public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){
    51                 if(e.isControlDown() && e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER)
    52                     System.exit(0);
    53             }
    54         });
    55         
    56         //设置文本框,使它只能被输入数字
    57         tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){
    58             public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){
    59                 int code = e.getKeyCode();
    60                 if(!(code >= KeyEvent.VK_0 && code <= KeyEvent.VK_9)){
    61                     System.out.println(code + "...是非法的");
    62                     e.consume();
    63                 }
    64             }
    65         });
    66     }
    67     public static void main(String[] args){
    68         new Demo();
    69     }
    70 }

    例:列出指定目录内容:

      1 import java.awt.Button;
      2 import java.awt.Dialog;
      3 import java.awt.FlowLayout;
      4 import java.awt.Frame;
      5 import java.awt.Label;
      6 import java.awt.TextArea;
      7 import java.awt.TextField;
      8 import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
      9 import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
     10 import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
     11 import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
     12 import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
     13 import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
     14 import java.io.File;
     15 
     16 public class Demo{
     17     private Frame f;
     18     private Button b;
     19     private TextField tf;
     20     private TextArea ta;
     21     private Dialog d;
     22     private Label label;
     23     private Button okBut;
     24     Demo(){
     25         init();
     26     }
     27     public void init(){
     28         f = new Frame("练习");
     29         f.setBounds(300, 100, 600, 500);
     30         f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
     31         
     32         b = new Button("转到");
     33         
     34         tf = new TextField(60);
     35         ta = new TextArea(25, 70);
     36         
     37         //参数为true,表明必须先操作Dialog
     38         d = new Dialog(f, "提示信息-self", true);
     39         d.setBounds(400, 200, 240, 150);
     40         d.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
     41         label = new Label();
     42         okBut = new Button("确定");
     43         d.add(label);
     44         d.add(okBut);
     45         
     46         f.add(tf);
     47         f.add(b);
     48         f.add(ta);
     49         
     50         myEvent();
     51         
     52         f.setVisible(true);
     53     }
     54     public void myEvent(){
     55         f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
     56             public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
     57                 System.exit(0);
     58             }
     59         });
     60         
     61         b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
     62             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
     63                 showDir();
     64             }
     65         });
     66         
     67         d.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
     68             public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
     69                 d.setVisible(false);
     70             }
     71         });
     72         
     73         okBut.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
     74             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
     75                 d.setVisible(false);
     76             }
     77         });
     78         
     79         tf.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){
     80             public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){
     81                 if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER){
     82                     showDir();
     83                 }
     84             }
     85         });
     86     }
     87     
     88     private void showDir(){
     89         String dirPath = tf.getText();
     90         File file = new File(dirPath);
     91         if(file.exists() && file.isDirectory()){
     92             tf.setText("");
     93             String[] names = file.list();
     94             for(String name : names){
     95                 ta.append(name + "
    ");
     96             }
     97         }
     98         else{
     99             String info = "您输入的信息: " + dirPath + "是错误的。请重新输入!";
    100             label.setText(info);
    101             d.setVisible(true);
    102         }
    103     }
    104     
    105     public static void main(String[] args) {
    106         new Demo();
    107     }
    108 }

    菜单:

     1 import java.awt.FlowLayout;
     2 import java.awt.Frame;
     3 import java.awt.Menu;
     4 import java.awt.MenuBar;
     5 import java.awt.MenuItem;
     6 import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
     7 import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
     8 import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
     9 import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
    10 
    11 public class Demo{
    12     private Frame f;
    13     private MenuBar mb;
    14     private Menu m, subMenu;
    15     private MenuItem closeItem, subItem;
    16     
    17     Demo(){
    18         init();
    19     }
    20     
    21     public void init(){
    22         f = new Frame("my window");
    23         f.setBounds(300, 100, 500, 600);
    24         f.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
    25         
    26         mb = new MenuBar();
    27         
    28         m = new Menu("文件");
    29         subMenu = new Menu("子菜单");
    30         closeItem = new MenuItem("退出");
    31         subItem = new MenuItem("子条目");
    32         
    33         subMenu.add(subItem);
    34         m.add(subMenu);
    35         m.add(closeItem);
    36         mb.add(m);
    37         f.setMenuBar(mb);
    38         
    39         myEvent();
    40         
    41         f.setVisible(true);
    42     }
    43     
    44     public void myEvent(){
    45         f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
    46             public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
    47                 System.exit(0);
    48             }
    49         });
    50         
    51         closeItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
    52             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
    53                 System.exit(0);
    54             }
    55         });
    56         
    57     }
    58     
    59     public static void main(String[] args) {
    60         new Demo();
    61     }
    62 }

    如图:

    打开保存文件:

      1 import java.awt.FileDialog;
      2 import java.awt.Frame;
      3 import java.awt.Menu;
      4 import java.awt.MenuBar;
      5 import java.awt.MenuItem;
      6 import java.awt.TextArea;
      7 import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
      8 import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
      9 import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
     10 import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
     11 import java.io.BufferedReader;
     12 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
     13 import java.io.File;
     14 import java.io.FileReader;
     15 import java.io.FileWriter;
     16 import java.io.IOException;
     17 
     18 public class Demo{
     19     private Frame f;
     20     private Menu fileMenu;
     21     private MenuItem openItem, saveItem, closeItem;
     22     private MenuBar bar;
     23     private FileDialog openD, saveD;
     24     private TextArea ta;
     25     private File file;
     26     Demo(){
     27         init();
     28     }
     29     
     30     public void init(){
     31         f = new Frame("练习");
     32         f.setBounds(300, 100, 650, 600);
     33         
     34         bar = new MenuBar();
     35         ta = new TextArea();
     36         openItem = new MenuItem("打开");
     37         saveItem = new MenuItem("保存");
     38         closeItem = new MenuItem("退出");
     39         fileMenu = new Menu("文件");
     40         
     41         fileMenu.add(openItem);
     42         fileMenu.add(saveItem);
     43         fileMenu.add(closeItem);
     44         bar.add(fileMenu);
     45         f.setMenuBar(bar);
     46         f.add(ta);
     47         
     48         openD = new FileDialog(f, "打开文件", FileDialog.LOAD);
     49         saveD = new FileDialog(f, "保存文件", FileDialog.SAVE);
     50         
     51         myEvent();
     52         
     53         f.setVisible(true);
     54     }
     55     
     56     public void myEvent(){
     57         //窗口关闭
     58         f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
     59             public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
     60                 System.exit(0);
     61             }
     62         });
     63         
     64         //点击“退出”条目,退出程序
     65         closeItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
     66             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
     67                 System.exit(0);
     68             }
     69         });
     70         
     71         //打开选中的文件,显示在TextArea中
     72         openItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
     73             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
     74                 openD.setVisible(true);
     75                 String dirPath = openD.getDirectory();
     76                 String fileName = openD.getFile();
     77                 if(dirPath == null || fileName == null)
     78                     return;
     79                 ta.setText("");
     80                 file = new File(dirPath, fileName);
     81                 try{
     82                     BufferedReader bufr = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
     83                     String line = null;
     84                     while((line = bufr.readLine()) != null){
     85                         ta.append(line + "
    ");
     86                     }
     87                 }catch(IOException ex){
     88                     throw new RuntimeException("读取失败!");
     89                 }
     90                 
     91             }
     92         });
     93         
     94         //保存文件
     95         saveItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
     96             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
     97                 if(file == null){
     98                     saveD.setVisible(true);
     99                     String dirPath = openD.getDirectory();
    100                     String fileName = openD.getFile();
    101                     if(dirPath == null || fileName == null)
    102                         return;
    103                     file = new File(dirPath, fileName);
    104                 }
    105                 try{
    106                     BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file));
    107                     String s = ta.getText();
    108                     bufw.write(s);
    109                     bufw.flush();
    110                     bufw.close();
    111                 }catch(IOException ex){
    112                     throw new RuntimeException("保存失败!");
    113                 }
    114             }
    115         });
    116 
    117     }
    118     
    119     public static void main(String[] args) {
    120         new Demo();
    121     }
    122 }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangtianq/p/6358471.html
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