• (十九)git版本管理软件——搭建git服务器


    创建管理员git

    以root用户的形式创建一个专门管理git服务器的管理员

    创建管理员git

    root@ghost-machine:/home/ghost# adduser git
    正在添加用户"git"...
    正在添加新组"git" (1001)...
    正在添加新用户"git" (1001) 到组"git"...
    创建主目录"/home/git"...
    正在从"/etc/skel"复制文件...
    输入新的 UNIX 密码: 
    重新输入新的 UNIX 密码: 
    passwd:已成功更新密码
    正在改变 git 的用户信息
    请输入新值,或直接敲回车键以使用默认值
        全名 []: 
        房间号码 []: 
        工作电话 []: 
        家庭电话 []: 
        其它 []: 
    这些信息是否正确? [Y/n] y
    root@ghost-machine:/home/ghost#
    

    Ubuntu会在创建的时候设置密码,若其他系统没有提示设置密码,需要手动设置git管理员密码
    命令:sudo passwd git

    有些网站建议关闭git管理员的ssh访问,但目前不做这一步。

    为管理员用户添加sudo权限
    编辑文件/etc/sudoers,该文件要更变成可写模式

    root@ghost-machine:~# ll /etc/sudoers
    -r--r----- 1 root root 755 5月  29  2017 /etc/sudoers
    root@ghost-machine:~# chmod +w /etc/sudoers
    root@ghost-machine:~# vim /etc/sudoers
    root@ghost-machine:~# chmod -w /etc/sudoers
    root@ghost-machine:~# ll /etc/sudoers
    -r--r----- 1 root root 778 12月  9 10:20 /etc/sudoers
    root@ghost-machine:~#
    

     编辑内容,在root后面加上git

    # User privilege specification
    root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
    git     ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
    

     

    生成管理员秘钥

    切换到git用户并跳转到自己的工作目录下

    root@ghost-machine:/home/ghost# su git
    git@ghost-machine:/home/ghost$ cd
    git@ghost-machine:~$
    

    生成git管理员秘钥,输入的是用户名和邮箱的组合  

    git@ghost-machine:~$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "git@email.com"
    Generating public/private rsa key pair.
    Enter file in which to save the key (/home/git/.ssh/id_rsa): 
    Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
    Enter same passphrase again: 
    Your identification has been saved in /home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.
    Your public key has been saved in /home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
    The key fingerprint is:
    SHA256:FxzVolVlTN5iK9XATCVHADyt4mHkN+zR036f+oB91XI git@email.com
    The key's randomart image is:
    +---[RSA 2048]----+
    |          .ooO*BB|
    |         ...= =Bo|
    |         oo+ =+.+|
    |          *.*oooo|
    |        So.=.oooE|
    |         .. +. o+|
    |           . o .+|
    |              o..|
    |             .o. |
    +----[SHA256]-----+
    git@ghost-machine:~$
    

    设置管理员git提交账号和邮箱

    git@ghost-machine:~$ git config --global user.name "git"
    git@ghost-machine:~$ git config --global user.email  "git@email.com"
    

    下载安装gitolite

    下载地址:下载路径最好放在/home/git/下

    命令:git clone git://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite

    git@ghost-machine:~$ git clone git://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite
    正克隆到 'gitolite'...
    remote: Counting objects: 9509, done.
    remote: Compressing objects: 100% (12/12), done.
    remote: Total 9509 (delta 4), reused 5 (delta 2), pack-reused 9495
    接收对象中: 100% (9509/9509), 3.00 MiB | 587.00 KiB/s, 完成.
    处理 delta 中: 100% (5881/5881), 完成.
    检查连接... 完成。
    git@ghost-machine:~$
    

    手动下源码安装保证gitolite的控制权在git管理员手上。

    将命令加入系统环境变量中。 
    sudo vi /etc/profile

    export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
    

    启动gitolite

    将管理员生成的sskkey加载在软件中

    git@ghost-machine:~$ gitolite setup -pk ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
    初始化空的 Git 仓库于 /home/git/repositories/gitolite-admin.git/
    初始化空的 Git 仓库于 /home/git/repositories/testing.git/
    WARNING: /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys missing; creating a new one
        (this is normal on a brand new install)
    git@ghost-machine:~$
    

    gitolite的管理都围绕gitolite-admin.git这个版本库进行。管理服务器的项目git版本库,用户的添加删除,项目git版本库的授权。

    为统一管理服务器版本库,后续添加git版本库都统一交给gitolite-admin.git进行统一管理。

    gitoltie会用相对路径去下载版本库。

    管理员git首先要下载gitolite-admin.git,下载需要输入管理员sshkey的密码。

    git@ghost-machine:~$ git clone git@localhost:gitolite-admin.git
    正克隆到 'gitolite-admin'...
    The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
    ECDSA key fingerprint is
    SHA256:ifKZZ/A2lLcOGPCOaQIOTVvvD+fgAgGiB2WJN4R00Xw.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
    Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
    Enter passphrase for key '/home/git/.ssh/id_rsa': 
    remote: 对象计数中: 6, 完成.
    remote: 压缩对象中: 100% (4/4), 完成.
    remote: Total 6 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
    接收对象中: 100% (6/6), 完成.
    检查连接... 完成。
    git@ghost-machine:~$
    

    添加项目版本库

    进入下载好的gitolite-admin版本库中,编辑文件gitolite.conf

    命令:vim conf/gitolite.conf

    添加的项目名为:zx_git_repo

    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ git diff
    diff --git a/conf/gitolite.conf b/conf/gitolite.conf
    index 8eb9fbb..64e882d 100644
    --- a/conf/gitolite.conf
    +++ b/conf/gitolite.conf
    @@ -3,3 +3,6 @@ repo gitolite-admin
    
     repo testing
         RW+     =   @all
    +
    +repo zx_git_repo
    +    RW+     =   id_rsa
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$
    

     项目设置为git管理员可以管理,git管理员对应名称id_rsa 
    在文件keydir会自动创建加载的管理员公钥 

    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ ls keydir/
    id_rsa.pub
    

    将修改push到库中  

    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ git add .
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ git commit -m "add repo zx_git_repo."
    [master 5d8b89b] add repo zx_git_repo.
     1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ git push origin master 
    Enter passphrase for key '/home/git/.ssh/id_rsa': 
    对象计数中: 4, 完成.
    Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
    压缩对象中: 100% (3/3), 完成.
    写入对象中: 100% (4/4), 382 bytes | 0 bytes/s, 完成.
    Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
    remote: 初始化空的 Git 仓库于 /home/git/repositories/zx_git_repo.git/
    To git@localhost:gitolite-admin.git
       6c9b6a3..5d8b89b  master -> master
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$
    

    随着gitolite-admin的更改,gitolite会在版本库中初始化添加的库,添加的版本库就在/home/git/repositories/zx_git_repo.git/下

    添加项目成员
    项目需要添加成员,成员通过邮件或其他通信方式发送自己sshkey公钥给git管理员,将id_rsa.pub修改成自己的名字以便识别。

    管理员拿到新成员的公钥后将其复制到keydir目录下

    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ cp /mnt/hgfs/share/user_zx.pub keydir/
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ ls keydir/
    id_rsa.pub  user_zx.pub
    

    编辑文件gitolite.conf

    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ git diff
    diff --git a/conf/gitolite.conf b/conf/gitolite.conf
    index 64e882d..b173b92 100644
    --- a/conf/gitolite.conf
    +++ b/conf/gitolite.conf
    @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
    +@admin = id_rsa
    +@user = user_zx
    +
     repo gitolite-admin
         RW+     =   id_rsa
    
    @@ -5,4 +8,5 @@ repo testing
         RW+     =   @all
    
     repo zx_git_repo
    -    RW+     =   id_rsa
    +    RW+     =   @admin
    +    RW+     =   @user
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$
    

    这里将用户分组,分成admin和user,若有多个用户,用空格隔开

    将修改push到库中

    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ git add .
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ git status
    位于分支 master
    您的分支与上游分支 'origin/master' 一致。
    要提交的变更:
      (使用 "git reset HEAD <文件>..." 以取消暂存)
    
        修改:     conf/gitolite.conf
        新文件:   keydir/user_zx.pub
    
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ git commit -m "add user user_zx to zx_git_pro."
    [master 07faacc] add user user_zx to zx_git_pro.
     2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
     create mode 100755 keydir/user_zx.pub
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$ git push origin master 
    Enter passphrase for key '/home/git/.ssh/id_rsa': 
    对象计数中: 6, 完成.
    Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
    压缩对象中: 100% (5/5), 完成.
    写入对象中: 100% (6/6), 816 bytes | 0 bytes/s, 完成.
    Total 6 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
    To git@localhost:gitolite-admin.git
       5d8b89b..07faacc  master -> master
    git@ghost-machine:~/gitolite-admin$
    

     

    项目成员下载项目

    添加成功成员后,发送git项目的下载地址给对应成员,即可下载项目

    项目地址:git@192.168.215.132:zx_git_repo.git

    $ git clone git@192.168.215.132:zx_git_repo.git
    Cloning into 'zx_git_repo'...
    Enter passphrase for key '/c/Users/zx_work/.ssh/id_rsa':
    warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.
    Checking connectivity... done.
    

    gitolite将下载路径变成相对地址访问,若不用gitolite管理,需要输入绝对地址并且输入git管理员的密码。 
    使用了gitolite管理之后,只需要输入授权成员的sskey即可。

    推送代码

    $ git push  origin master
    Enter passphrase for key '/c/Users/zx_work/.ssh/id_rsa':
    Counting objects: 4, done.
    Delta compression using up to 8 threads.
    Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
    Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 328 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
    Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
    To git@192.168.215.132:zx_git_repo.git
     * [new branch]      master -> master
    

    通过git管理员可以查看到该用户能够正常提交代码  

    git@ghost-machine:~/repositories/zx_git_repo.git$ git log
    commit 541c1a53aa884a69d41b9e70b06bdeb7756ed747
    Author: zxng <zxngyulin@163.com>
    Date:   Sat Dec 9 12:21:21 2017 +0800
    
        add README.md
    git@ghost-machine:~/repositories/zx_git_repo.git$
    

      

      

     

      

      

      

      

      

      

      

      

      

     

     

      

  • 相关阅读:
    mysql采坑笔记
    git常用操作
    vscode配置及插件
    atom之插件安装及相关
    xshell中操作服务器笔记
    js学习笔记之自调用函数、闭包、原型链
    dragover event 翻译
    拖放事件笔记
    关于clear:both;后有固定高度的原因及解决方法
    weex打包android apk采坑之旅(windows)
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangshenghui/p/10078150.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知