• 静态构造函数(C# 编程指南)


    Visual Studio 2010
     
     
     
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    静态构造函数用于初始化任何 静态 数据,或用于执行仅需执行一次的特定操作。 在创建第一个实例或引用任何静态成员之前,将自动调用静态构造函数。

     
    class SimpleClass
    {
        // Static variable that must be initialized at run time.
        static readonly long baseline;
    
        // Static constructor is called at most one time, before any
        // instance constructor is invoked or member is accessed.
        static SimpleClass()
        {
            baseline = DateTime.Now.Ticks;
        }
    }
    
    
    

    静态构造函数具有以下特点:

    • 静态构造函数既没有访问修饰符,也没有参数。

    • 在创建第一个实例或引用任何静态成员之前,将自动调用静态构造函数来初始化

    • 无法直接调用静态构造函数。

    • 在程序中,用户无法控制何时执行静态构造函数。

    • 静态构造函数的典型用途是:当类使用日志文件时,将使用这种构造函数向日志文件中写入项。

    • 静态构造函数在为非托管代码创建包装类时也很有用,此时该构造函数可以调用 LoadLibrary 方法。

    • 如果静态构造函数引发异常,运行时将不会再次调用该构造函数,并且在程序运行所在的应用程序域的生存期内,类型将保持未初始化。

    在此示例中,类 Bus 有一个静态构造函数。 创建 Bus 的第一个实例(bus1)时,将调用该静态构造函数来初始化该类。 输出示例验证了即使创建 Bus 的两个实例,该静态构造函数也仅运行一次,并且在实例构造函数运行之前运行。

     
        public class Bus
        {
            // Static variable used by all Bus instances.
            // Represents the time the first bus of the day starts its route.
            protected static readonly DateTime globalStartTime;
    
            // Property for the number of each bus.
            protected int RouteNumber { get; set; }
    
            // Static constructor to initialize the static variable.
            // It is invoked before the first instance constructor is run.
            static Bus()
            {
                globalStartTime = DateTime.Now;
    
                // The following statement produces the first line of output, 
                // and the line occurs only once.
                Console.WriteLine("Static constructor sets global start time to {0}",
                    globalStartTime.ToLongTimeString());
            }
    
            // Instance constructor.
            public Bus(int routeNum)
            {
                RouteNumber = routeNum;
                Console.WriteLine("Bus #{0} is created.", RouteNumber);
            }
    
            // Instance method.
            public void Drive()
            {
                TimeSpan elapsedTime = DateTime.Now - globalStartTime;
    
                // For demonstration purposes we treat milliseconds as minutes to simulate
                // actual bus times. Do not do this in your actual bus schedule program!
                Console.WriteLine("{0} is starting its route {1:N2} minutes after global start time {2}.",
                                        this.RouteNumber,
                                        elapsedTime.TotalMilliseconds,
                                        globalStartTime.ToShortTimeString());
            }
        }
    
        class TestBus
        {
            static void Main()
            {
                // The creation of this instance activates the static constructor.
                Bus bus1 = new Bus(71);
    
                // Create a second bus.
                Bus bus2 = new Bus(72);
    
                // Send bus1 on its way.
                bus1.Drive();
    
                // Wait for bus2 to warm up.
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(25);
    
                // Send bus2 on its way.
                bus2.Drive();
    
                // Keep the console window open in debug mode.
                System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
                System.Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
        /* Sample output:
            Static constructor sets global start time to 3:57:08 PM.
            Bus #71 is created.
            Bus #72 is created.
            71 is starting its route 6.00 minutes after global start time 3:57 PM.
            72 is starting its route 31.00 minutes after global start time 3:57 PM.      
       */
    
    
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangchenliang/p/2442562.html
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