• 15.mysql数据库操作与Paramiko模块

    堡垒机前戏

    开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作

    SSHClient

    用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令

    基于用户名密码连接：

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    import paramiko
      
    # 创建SSH对象
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    # 连接服务器
    ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', password='123')
      
    # 执行命令
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
    # 获取命令结果
    result = stdout.read()
      
    # 关闭连接
    ssh.close()
    		 
    import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123')

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
print stdout.read()

transport.close()
    SSHClient 封装 Transport

    基于公钥密钥连接：

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    import paramiko
     
    private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
     
    # 创建SSH对象
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
    ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
    # 连接服务器
    ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', key=private_key)
     
    # 执行命令
    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
    # 获取命令结果
    result = stdout.read()
     
    # 关闭连接
    ssh.close()
    		 
    import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

transport.close()
    SSHClient 封装 Transport
    import paramiko
from io import StringIO

key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
result = stdout.read()

transport.close()

print(result)
    基于私钥字符串进行连接

    SFTPClient

    用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

    基于用户名密码上传下载

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    import paramiko
     
    transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22))
    transport.connect(username='wupeiqi',password='123')
     
    sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
    # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
    sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
    # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
    sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
     
    transport.close()

    基于公钥密钥上传下载

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    import paramiko
     
    private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
     
    transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
    transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key )
     
    sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
    # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
    sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
    # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
    sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
     
    transport.close()
    		 
    #!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import uuid

class Haproxy(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.host = '172.16.103.191'
        self.port = 22
        self.username = 'wupeiqi'
        self.pwd = '123'
        self.__k = None

    def create_file(self):
        file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
        with open(file_name,'w') as f:
            f.write('sb')
        return file_name

    def run(self):
        self.connect()
        self.upload()
        self.rename()
        self.close()

    def connect(self):
        transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
        transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
        self.__transport = transport

    def close(self):

        self.__transport.close()

    def upload(self):
        # 连接，上传
        file_name = self.create_file()

        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
        # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
        sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')

    def rename(self):

        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh._transport = self.__transport
        # 执行命令
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py')
        # 获取命令结果
        result = stdout.read()


ha = Haproxy()
ha.run()
    Demo

    堡垒机的实现 

    实现思路：

    堡垒机执行流程：

    1. 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
    2. 用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
    3. 用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
    4. 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录

    注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py

    实现过程

    步骤一，实现用户登陆

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    import getpass
     
    user = raw_input('username:')
    pwd = getpass.getpass('password')
    if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123':
        print '登陆成功'
    else:
        print '登陆失败'

    步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表

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    dic = {
        'alex': [
            '172.16.103.189',
            'c10.puppet.com',
            'c11.puppet.com',
        ],
        'eric': [
            'c100.puppet.com',
        ]
    }
     
    host_list = dic['alex']
     
    print 'please select:'
    for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1):
        print index, item
     
    inp = raw_input('your select (No):')
    inp = int(inp)
    hostname = host_list[inp-1]
    port = 22

    步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器

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    tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))
    tran.start_client()
    default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')
    key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)
    tran.auth_publickey('wupeiqi', key)
     
    # 打开一个通道
    chan = tran.open_session()
    # 获取一个终端
    chan.get_pty()
    # 激活器
    chan.invoke_shell()
     
    #########
    # 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作
    # 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器
    # 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回
    # 用户终端显示内容
    #########
     
    chan.close()
    tran.close()
    		 
    while True:
    # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据
    # sys.stdin 处理用户输入
    # chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息
    readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)
    if chan in readable:
        try:
            x = chan.recv(1024)
            if len(x) == 0:
                print '
*** EOF
',
                break
            sys.stdout.write(x)
            sys.stdout.flush()
        except socket.timeout:
            pass
    if sys.stdin in readable:
        inp = sys.stdin.readline()
        chan.sendall(inp)
    肆意妄为方式一
    # 获取原tty属性
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try:
    # 为tty设置新属性
    # 默认当前tty设备属性：
    #   输入一行回车，执行
    #   CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。

    # 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号
    # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
    tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
    chan.settimeout(0.0)

    while True:
        # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket）
        # 阻塞，直到句柄可读
        r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
        if chan in r:
            try:
                x = chan.recv(1024)
                if len(x) == 0:
                    print '
*** EOF
',
                    break
                sys.stdout.write(x)
                sys.stdout.flush()
            except socket.timeout:
                pass
        if sys.stdin in r:
            x = sys.stdin.read(1)
            if len(x) == 0:
                break
            chan.send(x)

finally:
    # 重新设置终端属性
    termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
    肆意妄为方式二
    def windows_shell(chan):
    import threading

    sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.

")

    def writeall(sock):
        while True:
            data = sock.recv(256)
            if not data:
                sys.stdout.write('
*** EOF ***

')
                sys.stdout.flush()
                break
            sys.stdout.write(data)
            sys.stdout.flush()

    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
    writer.start()

    try:
        while True:
            d = sys.stdin.read(1)
            if not d:
                break
            chan.send(d)
    except EOFError:
        # user hit ^Z or F6
        pass
    肆意妄为方式三

    注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)

    详见：paramiko源码demo

    数据库操作

    虽然大家可能在python2.x中用习惯了mysqldb，但是在python3.x中已经不支持那个组件了。

    取而代之的是：

    import pymysql

    所以，大家pip起来吧。另外，mysql官方出了个mysql.connector，也可以用。

    我这用的例子如下：

    import pymysql

    conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='test',

    db='mysql')

    cur = conn.cursor()

    cur.execute("SELECT * FROM user")

    for r in cur.fetchall():

               print(r)

               #cur.close()

    conn.close()

    Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装

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    linux：
        yum install MySQL-python
     
    window：
        http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip

    SQL基本使用

    1、数据库操作

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    show databases;
    use [databasename];
    create database  [name];

    2、数据表操作

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    show tables;
     
    create table students
        (
            id int  not null auto_increment primary key,
            name char(8) not null,
            sex char(4) not null,
            age tinyint unsigned not null,
            tel char(13) null default "-"
        );
    View Code

    3、数据操作

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    insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('alex','man',18,'151515151')
     
    delete from students where id =2;
     
    update students set name = 'sb' where id =1;
     
    select * from students

    插入字段

    alter table students add column  sex int(10);

    4、其他

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    主键
    外键
    左右连接

    Python MySQL API

    一、插入数据

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    import MySQLdb
      
    conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
      
    cur = conn.cursor()
      
    reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('alex','usa'))
    # reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})
     
    conn.rollback()#数据回滚，是数据库中事物的执行，有一条插入失败，所有的都不插入，数据库回滚到操作之前的样子
    conn.commit()
      
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
      
    print reCount
    复制代码
    import MySQLdb

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')

cur = conn.cursor()

li =[
     ('alex','usa'),
     ('sb','usa'),
]
reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li)

conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()

print reCount
    复制代码

    注意：cur.lastrowid

    二、删除数据

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    import MySQLdb
     
    conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
     
    cur = conn.cursor()
     
    reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo')
     
    conn.commit()
     
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
     
    print reCount

    三、修改数据

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    import MySQLdb
     
    conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
     
    cur = conn.cursor()
     
    reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',))
     
    conn.commit()
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
     
    print reCount

    四、查数据

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    # ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num)  ##############################
     
    import MySQLdb
     
    conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
    cur = conn.cursor()
     
    reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo')
     
    print cur.fetchone()
    print cur.fetchone()
    cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative')
    print cur.fetchone()
    print cur.fetchone()
    cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')
    print cur.fetchone()
    print cur.fetchone()
     
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
     
    print reCount
     
     
     
    # ############################## fetchall  ##############################
     
    import MySQLdb
     
    conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
    #cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
    cur = conn.cursor()
     
    reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo')
     
    nRet = cur.fetchall()
     
    cur.close()
    conn.close()
     
    print reCount
    print nRet
    for i in nRet:
        print i[0],i[1]
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhang997050423/p/6734065.html
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