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享元模式(Flyweight):运用共享的技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。
主要目的是实现对象的共享,即共享池。当系统中对象多的时候能够降低内存的开销。在某种程度上。你能够把单例看成是享元的一种特例。
一、uml建模:
二、代码实现
/** * 享元模式(Flyweight):运用共享的技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。 * * 主要目的是实现对象的共享,即共享池,当系统中对象多的时候能够降低内存的开销。打印结果:*/ abstract class FlyWeight { public abstract void method(); } /** * 创建持有key的子类 */ class SubFlyWeight extends FlyWeight { private String key; public SubFlyWeight(String key) { this.key = key; } @Override public void method() { System.out.println("this is the sub method。and the key is " + this.key); } } /** * 享元工厂:负责创建和管理享元对象 */ class FlyweightFactory { private Map<String, FlyWeight> map = new HashMap<String, FlyWeight>(); /** * 获取享元对象 */ public FlyWeight getFlyWeight(String key) { FlyWeight flyWeight = map.get(key); if (flyWeight == null) { flyWeight = new SubFlyWeight(key); map.put(key, flyWeight); } return flyWeight; } /** * 获取享元对象数量 */ public int getCount() { return map.size(); } } /** * client測试类 * * @author Leo */ public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { /** * 创建享元工厂 */ FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory(); /***** 第一种情况:key同样时 ***************/ FlyWeight flyWeightA = factory.getFlyWeight("aaa"); FlyWeight flyWeightB = factory.getFlyWeight("aaa"); /** * 透过打印结果为true能够知道: 因为key都为"aaa",所以flyWeightA和flyWeightB指向同一块内存地址 */ System.out.println(flyWeightA == flyWeightB); flyWeightA.method(); flyWeightB.method(); /** * 享元对象数量:1 */ System.out.println(factory.getCount()); /***** 另外一种情况:key不同样时 ***************/ System.out.println(" ======================================"); FlyWeight flyWeightC = factory.getFlyWeight("ccc"); /** * 打印结果为false */ System.out.println(flyWeightA == flyWeightC); flyWeightC.method(); /** * 享元对象数量:2 */ System.out.println(factory.getCount()); } }
true
this is the sub method,and the key is aaa
this is the sub method。and the key is aaa
1
======================================
false
this is the sub method,and the key is ccc
2
三、总结
享元与单例的差别:1、与单例模式不同。享元模式是一个类能够有非常多对象(共享一组对象集合),而单例是一个类仅一个对象;2、它们的目的也不一样,享元模式是为了节约内存空间,提升程序性能(避免大量的new操作),而单例模式则主要是共享单个对象的状态及特征。
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