flask搭建平台实战教程三：接口编写及权限校验(前后端分离)

上一篇文章介绍了flask框架如何使用编写用户注册登录的功能

下一步编写查询用户列表接口，使用flask_restful的marshal方法来生成字段数据，加上之前编写的login_required

from flask import Blueprint,jsonify
from flask_restful import fields, marshal
from auth import login_required
from models.user import User

userbp = Blueprint('user',__name__,url_prefix="/user")

user_fields = {
    'id': fields.Integer,
    'username': fields.String,
    'nickname': fields.String,
    'email': fields.String,
    'group_id': fields.Integer,
    '_create_time': fields.DateTime(dt_format='iso8601'),
    'update_time': fields.DateTime(dt_format='iso8601'),
}

@userbp.route("/list",methods=['GET'])
@login_required
def list():
    users = User.getall()
    return jsonify(code=201,msg="操作成功",data=marshal(users, user_fields))

请求时header中不加入Authorization字段就会验证失败

在header中添加Authorization，值为Bearer+空格+login返回数据的access_token，成功获取list接口数据

用户的增删改查都是一样的逻辑来写

from flask import Blueprint, jsonify
from flask_restful import fields, marshal, reqparse
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash

from auth import login_required
from models.user import User

userbp = Blueprint('user',__name__,url_prefix="/user")

user_fields = {
    'id': fields.Integer,
    'username': fields.String,
    'nickname': fields.String,
    'email': fields.String,
    'group_id': fields.Integer,
    '_create_time': fields.DateTime(dt_format='iso8601'),
    'update_time': fields.DateTime(dt_format='iso8601'),
}

@userbp.route("/list",methods=['GET'])
@login_required
def list():
    users = User.getall()
    return jsonify(code=201,msg="操作成功",data=marshal(users, user_fields))

@userbp.route("/<uid>",methods=['GET'])
@login_required
def info(uid):
    user = User.getone(uid)
    return jsonify({
        "code": 0,
        "msg": "success",
        "data": marshal(user, user_fields)
    })

@userbp.route("/add",methods=['POST'])
@login_required
def add():
    parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
    parser.add_argument("username", type=str, required=True, help="username is required")
    parser.add_argument("nickname", type=str, required=True, help="nickname is required")
    parser.add_argument('password', required=True, type=str, help='password is required')
    parser.add_argument('email', required=False, type=str)
    parser.add_argument('group_id', required=False, type=int, default=2)
    args = parser.parse_args()
    if User.exist(username=args['username']):
        return jsonify(code=400,msg="用户名已存在")
    args.update({'password': generate_password_hash(args['password'], salt_length=8)})
    User.add(args)
    return jsonify(code=201,msg="添加成功")

@userbp.route("/edit",methods=['POST'])
@login_required
def edit():
    parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
    parser.add_argument("id", required=True, type=int, help="id is required")
    parser.add_argument("username", type=str, required=True, help="username is required")
    parser.add_argument("nickname", type=str, required=True, help="nickname is required")
    parser.add_argument('email', required=False, type=str)
    parser.add_argument('group_id', required=False, type=int)
    args = parser.parse_args()
    if not User.exist(id=args['id']):
        return jsonify(code=201,msg="用户不存在")
    User.edit(args)
    return jsonify(code=201,msg="修改成功")

@userbp.route("/delete",methods=['GET'])
@login_required
def delete():
    parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
    parser.add_argument("id", required=True, type=int, location='args',help="id is required")
    args = parser.parse_args()
    if not User.exist(id=args['id']):
        return jsonify(code=201,msg="用户不存在")
    User.remove(args['id'])
    return jsonify(code=201, msg="删除成功")

自定义权限校验

之后为接口添加分组的权限校验，根目录添加文件router.py，编写路由装饰器

routes ={}

def route_meta(auth,endname):
# endname必须是{Blueprint注册的名字.方法名}
    def wrapper(func):
        routes.setdefault(f"{endname}", auth)
        return func

    return wrapper

在auth.py添加校验路由的装饰器

def group_required(fn):
    @wraps(fn)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        if not current_user.isadmin:
            auth = routes.get(request.endpoint)
            groupid = current_user.group_id
            authed = Auth.exist(group_id=groupid,auth=auth,endpoint=request.endpoint)
            if not authed:
                return jsonify(code=10000,msg="权限不够，请联系超级管理员获得权限")
            return fn(*args,**kwargs)
        else:
            return fn(*args,**kwargs)
    return wrapper

在add接口方法加上这两个装饰器，route_meta第二个参数必须是{Blueprint注册的名字.方法名}

@route_meta("新增用户", "user.add")
@userview.route("/add",methods=['POST'])
@login_required
@group_required
def add():
　　......

再次请求add接口会提示没有权限

{

"code": 10000,

"msg": "权限不够，请联系超级管理员获得权限"

}

 

之后就需要为用户添加权限，权限关联到相关分组，所以添加修改分组接口

@groupbp.route("/edit",methods=['POST'])
@login_required
def edit():
    parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
    parser.add_argument("id", required=True, type=int, help="id is required")
    parser.add_argument("name", required=True, type=str,  help="name is required")
    parser.add_argument("info", required=False, type=str)
    args = parser.parse_args()
    args['auths'] = request.json['auths']
    sql = select(Group).where(Group.name==args['name'],Group.id!=args['id'])
    if db.session.execute(sql).first():
        return jsonify(code=10000,msg="分组名已存在")
    Group.edit(args) # 需要重写edit
    return jsonify(code=201,msg="操作成功")

由于修改分组需要添加、删除auth表的数据，所以要在models/group.py文件增加自己的edit方法

from models.auth import Auth

class Group:
......

@classmethod
    def edit(cls, data):
        group = cls.getone(data['id'])
        group.name = data['name']
        group.info = data['info']
        for auth in group.auths:
            Auth.remove(auth.id)
        for item in data.get('auths'):
            authobj = Auth.add(dict(endpoint=item,auth=routes[item]))
            group.auths.append(authobj)
        db.session.commit()

通过group/edit接口可以为admin分组增加权限

上面接口成功的话就为admin增加了add和edit这两个方法的权限，再添加和修改用户就能成功了

{

"code": 201,

"msg": "添加成功"

}

 

其它用户登录操作add、edit则会提示权限不够，当为delete方法添加group_required装饰器后，admin删除用户也会提示权限不够

 

至此flask用户管理及权限验证的后台接口基本后端框架就完成了，还有一些细节需要自己去改进，然后就是选择前端框架编写前端页面。