Postgresql_fdw
测试环境
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS云主机2台,主机名为pg1(192.168.0.34)和pg2(192.168.0.39)。
安装postgresql
下面这个源是官网提供的postgressql-9.4的源,ubuntu16.04自带postgresql-9.5的源。
PostgreSQL Apt Repository
创建文件
$ sudo touch /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
添加一行到文件中
$ sudo vi !$
deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ YOUR_UBUNTU_VERSION_HERE-pgdg main
导入存储库签名秘钥,更新包列表
$ wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo apt-get update
这是官网使用的源,但是在apt-get更新时由于网络问题报错,最后选择ubuntu16.04 apt仓库中默认的postgresql9.5。使用下面命令进行安装:
$ sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.5
2台机器安装步骤一样。
postgresql_fdw测试
主机pg2做远程服务器
在pg2上的postgresql上建库和表:
postgres=# alter user postgres with password '123456'; postgres=# create database foreign_test; postgres=# c foreign_test foreign_test=# create schema schema1; foreign_test=# dn List of schemas Name | Owner ---------+---------- public | postgres schema1 | postgres (2 rows) foreign_test=# create table schema1.t1(id int); foreign_test=# insert into schema1.t1 values(1); foreign_test=# select * from schema1.t1; id ---- 1 (1 row)
在主机pg1上安装postgresql_fdw扩展
postgres=# CREATE EXTENSION postgres_fdw; CREATE EXTENSION
创建外部服务器,连接一个主机192.168.0.39(pg2)上并且监听5432端口的postgresql的服务器,在该远程服务器上要连接的数据库名为foreign_test:
postgres=# CREATE SERVER foreign_server postgres-# FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgres_fdw postgres-# OPTIONS (host '192.168.0.39', port '5432', dbname 'foreign_test');
定义一个用户映射来标识远程服务器上使用哪个角色:
postgres=# CREATE USER MAPPING FOR postgres SERVER foreign_server OPTIONS (user 'postgres', password '123456');
创建外部表:
postgres=# CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_table ( id integer NOT NULL ) SERVER foreign_server OPTIONS (schema_name 'schema1', table_name 't1');
FAQ:
postgres=# select * from foreign_table;
ERROR: could not connect to server "foreign_server"
DETAIL: could not connect to server: Connection refused
Is the server running on host "192.168.0.39" and accepting
TCP/IP connections on port 5432?
防火墙已关闭,但是报如上错误。
解决方法:
在192.168.0.39上修改postgresql的允许访问权限
$ vi /etc/postgresql/9.5/main/postgresql.conf
添加:
listen_addresses = '*' password_encryption = on
$ vi /etc/postgresql/9.5/main/pg_hba.conf
添加:
host all all 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 md5
重启服务:
$ /etc/init.d/postgresql restart
然后到192.168.0.34上查询:
postgres=# select * from foreign_table; id ---- 1 (1 row)
测试不同postgresql上数据源join操作
在pg2上进入foreign_test数据库:
postgres=# c foreign_test
展示当前schema:
foreign_test=# show search_path;
切换schema:
foreign_test=# set search_path to schema1;
列出当前schema下的表:
foreign_test=# d
在当前schema下新建表t2:
foreign_test=# create table t2(id int,name text);
往表t2中插入数据:
foreign_test=# insert into t2 values(1, 'li'),(2, 'zhao'),(3, 'qian'),(4, 'wang'),(5, 'jia');
在pg1上创建外部表:
postgres=# CREATE FOREIGN TABLE foreign_table1 ( id integer NOT NULL, name text ) SERVER foreign_server OPTIONS (schema_name 'schema1', table_name 't2');
查看外部表:
postgres=# select * from foreign_table1; id | name ----+------ 1 | li 2 | zhao 3 | qian 4 | wang 5 | jia (5 rows)
创建本地表:
postgres=# create table local_t1(id int,city text); postgres=# insert into local_t1 values(1, 'beijing'),(2, 'shanghai'),(5, 'nanjing'),(6, 'lanzhou'); postgres=# select * from local_t1; id | city ----+---------- 1 | beijing 2 | shanghai 5 | nanjing 6 | lanzhou (4 rows)
测试远程postgresql和本地postgresql的join操作
postgres=# select * from local_t1 join foreign_table1 on local_t1.id = foreign_table1.id; id | city | id | name ----+----------+----+------ 1 | beijing | 1 | li 2 | shanghai | 2 | zhao 5 | nanjing | 5 | jia (3 rows) postgres=# select * from local_t1 left join foreign_table1 on local_t1.id = foreign_table1.id; id | city | id | name ----+----------+----+------ 1 | beijing | 1 | li 2 | shanghai | 2 | zhao 5 | nanjing | 5 | jia 6 | lanzhou | | (4 rows) postgres=# select * from local_t1 right join foreign_table1 on local_t1.id = foreign_table1.id; id | city | id | name ----+----------+----+------ 1 | beijing | 1 | li 2 | shanghai | 2 | zhao | | 3 | qian | | 4 | wang 5 | nanjing | 5 | jia (5 rows)
参考网址:http://www.postgres.cn/docs/9.6/postgres-fdw.html
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