通过输入一个IP地址，解析并获取信息，比如国家、国家代码、省份、省份代码、城市、邮政编码、经纬度等等信息
例如，解析ip（128.101.101.101）的信息如下：
实现方式及区别
使用在线第三方提供的api：
- ip-api.com
- ip.taotao.com
- 百度地图api
- 新浪 iplookup
使用离线查询方式：
- 纯真库
- GeoLite2
- 埃文科技
数据丰富度对比：
查询准确率比较：
查询速度比较：
总结： 需要速度用离线，需要准确率用在线，需要数据丰富性GeoLite2、埃文科技，需要免费用GeoLite2（埃文科技虽说国内头头，奈何收费）
python代码实现
本文介绍使用离线的GeoLite2来解析IP获取目标的地理位置
需要下载GeoLite2-City.mmdb，地址：https://github.com/wp-statistics/GeoLite2-City.git，并将该包解压与下述代码放置同一文件夹。
需要安装geoip2模块：pip install geoip2
import re
import geoip2.database
reader = geoip2.database.Reader('GeoLite2-City.mmdb')
# 查询IP地址对应的物理地址
def ip_get_location(ip_address):
# 载入指定IP相关数据
response = reader.city(ip_address)
#读取国家代码
Country_IsoCode = response.country.iso_code
#读取国家名称
Country_Name = response.country.name
#读取国家名称(中文显示)
Country_NameCN = response.country.names['zh-CN']
#读取州(国外)/省(国内)名称
Country_SpecificName = response.subdivisions.most_specific.name
#读取州(国外)/省(国内)代码
Country_SpecificIsoCode = response.subdivisions.most_specific.iso_code
#读取城市名称
City_Name = response.city.name
#读取邮政编码
City_PostalCode = response.postal.code
#获取纬度
Location_Latitude = response.location.latitude
#获取经度
Location_Longitude = response.location.longitude
if(Country_IsoCode == None):
Country_IsoCode = "None"
if(Country_Name == None):
Country_Name = "None"
if(Country_NameCN == None):
Country_NameCN = "None"
if(Country_SpecificName == None):
Country_SpecificName = "None"
if(Country_SpecificIsoCode == None):
Country_SpecificIsoCode = "None"
if(City_Name == None):
City_Name = "None"
if(City_PostalCode == None):
City_PostalCode = "None"
if(Location_Latitude == None):
Location_Latitude = "None"
if(Location_Longitude == None):
Location_Longitude = "None"
print('================Start===================')
print('[*] Target: ' + ip_address + ' GeoLite2-Located ')
print(u' [+] 国家编码: ' + Country_IsoCode)
print(u' [+] 国家名称: ' + Country_Name)
print(u' [+] 国家中文名称: ' + Country_NameCN)
print(u' [+] 省份或州名称: ' + Country_SpecificName)
print(u' [+] 省份或州编码: ' + Country_SpecificIsoCode)
print(u' [+] 城市名称 : ' + City_Name)
print(u' [+] 城市邮编 : ' + City_PostalCode)
print(u' [+] 纬度: ' + str(Location_Latitude))
print(u' [+] 经度 : ' + str(Location_Longitude))
print('===============End======================')
# 检验和处理ip地址
def seperate_ip(ip_address):
ip_match = r"^(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|0?[0-9]?[1-9]|0?[1-9]0)\.)(?:(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){2}(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|0?[0-9]?[1-9]|0?[1-9]0)$"
ip_match_list = r"^(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|0?[0-9]?[1-9]|0?[1-9]0)\.)(?:(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\.){2}(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|0?[0-9]?[1-9])-(?:25[0-4]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|0?[0-9]?[1-9]|0?[1-9]0)$"
if re.match(ip_match, ip_address):
try:
ip_get_location(ip_address)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
elif re.match(ip_match_list, ip_address):
ip_start = ip_address.split('-')[0].split('.')[3]
ip_end = ip_address.split('-')[1]
# 如果ip地址范围一样，则直接执行
if(ip_start == ip_end):
try:
seperate_ip(ip_address.split('-')[0])
except Exception as e:
print(e)
elif ip_start > ip_end:
print('the value of ip, that you input, has been wrong! try again!')
exit(0)
else:
ip_num_list = ip_address.split('-')[0].split('.')
ip_num_list.pop()
for ip_last in range(int(ip_start), int(ip_end)+1):
ip_add = '.'.join(ip_num_list)+'.'+str(ip_last)
try:
ip_get_location(ip_add)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
else:
print('Wrong type of ip address!')
print('100.8.11.58 100.8.11.58-100 alike!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
seperate_ip('39.99.228.188')
'''
================Start===================
[*] Target: 39.99.228.188 GeoLite2-Located
[+] 国家编码: CN
[+] 国家名称: China
[+] 国家中文名称: 中国
[+] 省份或州名称: Zhejiang
[+] 省份或州编码: ZJ
[+] 城市名称 : Hangzhou
[+] 城市邮编 : None
[+] 纬度: 30.294
[+] 经度 : 120.1619
===============End======================
'''
django 中从META中获取IP
ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0] # 所以这里是真实的ip
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR') # 这里获得代理ip
def get_ip(request):
"""获取访问页面及客户端ip地址"""
ip = None
proxy_ip = None
server_name = request.META.get('SERVER_NAME')
if request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'):
ip = request.META.get("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR")
proxy_ip = request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR")
else:
ip = request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR")
# 获取物理地址
try:
address = ip_address(ip)
except:
address = '获取失败'
# 写入日志文件
log_init().info(f'{server_name} {ip} {address}')
return HttpResponse(ip)
IP地址定位查询
@retry(stop_max_attempt_number=5)
def ip_address(ip):
"""ip地址查询物理地址"""
url = f'http://api.map.*****.com/location/ip?ak=*******j&ip={ip}&coor=bd09ll'
rsp = requests.get(url, timeout=10).text
content = json.loads(rsp)
# 请求状态 0有数据 1无数据
status = content['status']
if status:
return content['message']
address = content['content']['address']
return address