Gitlab基本管理（二）

一. Gitlab分支

1. 切换到项目位置。

2. 创建一个项目的一新分支。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (master)
$ git branch first-branch

3. 切换到新建的分支下。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (master)
$ git checkout first-branch
Switched to branch 'first-branch'

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (first-branch)

4. 第2步和第3步可以合并成一步。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (first-branch)
$ git checkout -b first-branch

5. 改变文件的内容。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (first-branch)
$ echo "Change" >> README.md

6. 提交这个改变

$ git commit -a -m 'Readme changed'
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in README.md.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.
[first-branch dc7b6d5] Readme changed
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

7. 推送分支到gitlab服务器

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (first-branch)
$ git push -u origin first-branch
Counting objects: 3, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 262 bytes | 131.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote:
remote: To create a merge request for first-branch, visit:
remote:   http://gitlab.aishangwei.net/root/cookbook/merge_requests/new?merge_request%5Bsource_branch%5D=first-branch
remote:
To gitlab.aishangwei.net:root/cookbook.git
  * [new branch]      first-branch -> first-branch
Branch 'first-branch' set up to track remote branch 'first-branch' from 'origin'.

8. 在Gitlab服务器查看我们推送的分支

9. 从以下图可以看到创建的分支first-branch和master分支。

10. 切换到master分支。

$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

11. 合并first-branch分支到master分支。

$ git merge first-branch –no-ff

12. 从第11步输出的信息可以看到，给我们一个机会去改变提交的信息。在我们保存和关闭编辑器的时候，这个分支将会合并，具体信息如下.

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (master)
$ git merge first-branch --no-ff
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy.
  README.md | 1 +
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

13. 推送改变到Gitlab上的master.

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (master)
$  git push origin master
Counting objects: 1, done.
Writing objects: 100% (1/1), 223 bytes | 223.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To gitlab.aishangwei.net:root/cookbook.git
    53ec2ca..5e1ebdd  master –> master

14. 删除所创建的分支。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (master)
$ git push origin --delete first-branch
To gitlab.aishangwei.net:root/cookbook.git
  - [deleted]         first-branch

15. 在gitlab服务器上查看信息如下。

二. 执行rebase操作

当我们长时间的运行在分支上的话，我们有时想要同步master，可以通过合并到master后，再切换到我们所在的分支，Git有一个更好的方式来这个，叫做rebasing。 在rebasing中，相当于把你当前的branch分支合并到master,并同步master状态。不过是一步完成了。

1. 使用终端进入到cookbook项目，并创建一个分支。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (master)
$ git checkout -b rebase-branch
Switched to a new branch 'rebase-branch'

2. 创建一个新的文件并提交它。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (rebase-branch)
$ echo "File content" >> another_file.md

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (rebase-branch)
$ git add .
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in another_file.md.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (rebase-branch)
$ git commit -m 'Another commit'
[rebase-branch c20f042] Another commit
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
  create mode 100644 another_file.md

3. 切换到master分支。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (rebase-branch)
$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

4. 假如先前推送过代码分支到Gitlab服务器，再执行rebase，那么在推送时候，可能服务器会报错。为了克服这个问题，可以使用-f参数。

$ git push origin rebase-branch –f

5. 在master分支上创建提交。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (master)
$ echo "1" >> README.md

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (master)
$ git add .
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in README.md.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (master)
$ git commit -m 'Commit in master'
[master acb491e] Commit in master
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

6. 切换到rebase-branch 分支

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (rebase-branch)
$ git rebase master
First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
Applying: Another commit

三. 挤压提交信息（Squashing your commits）

在开发的时候可能由于频繁的提交信息，比较零散和片断，比如在提交多少次后，想做一个总结。这时候可以把前面几个合并成一个提交信息。

执行案例:

1. 进入到cookbook项目，并切换到squash-branch分支。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (rebase-branch)
$ git checkout -b squash-branch
Switched to a new branch 'squash-branch'

2. 在squash-branch分支下创建两个提交 ，并把它两个提交挤压到一起。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (squash-branch)
$ echo "1" >> README.md

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (squash-branch)
$ git add .
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in README.md.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (squash-branch)
$ git commit -a -m 'wip1'
[squash-branch 4e54db8] wip1
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (squash-branch)
$ echo "2" >> README.md

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (squash-branch)
$ git add .
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in README.md.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (squash-branch)
$ git commit -a -m 'wip2'
[squash-branch 5d37a65] wip2
  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

3. 通过以下命令可以查看我们的提交历史。

mike@win10-001 MINGW64 ~/cookbook/cookbook (squash-branch)
$  git log --oneline
5d37a65 (HEAD -> squash-branch) wip2
4e54db8 wip1
f5f7fde (rebase-branch) Another commit
acb491e (master) Commit in master
5e1ebdd (origin/master) Merge branch 'first-branch'
dc7b6d5 (first-branch) Readme changed
53ec2ca Added readme file

4. 把wip1和wip2的提交信息挤压在一个更好的提交信息中，执行以下命令。此时会打开一个编辑器。

$ git rebase –i HEAD~2

注解： HEAD~2 代表着我们想挤压最后两个提交。假如你想要挤压最后4个提交，那么使用HEAD~4

原始：

改变后：

5. 第4步编辑保存后，Git会打开另外一个编辑窗口，在这个窗口中，编辑提交信息并保存。会弹出如下画面。

$ git rebase -i HEAD~2
[detached HEAD 48f7dae] Added two number to the readme
  Date: Sun Jun 24 17:33:08 2018 +0800
  1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/squash-branch.

6. push该分支到gitlab服务器。

$ git push origin squash-branch
Counting objects: 9, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (5/5), done.
Writing objects: 100% (9/9), 839 bytes | 104.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 9 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote:
remote: To create a merge request for squash-branch, visit:
remote:   http://gitlab.aishangwei.net/root/cookbook/merge_requests/new?merge_request%5Bsource_branch%5D=squash-branch
remote:
To gitlab.aishangwei.net:root/cookbook.git
  * [new branch]      squash-branch -> squash-branch