• PHP之函数


    ​ 函数就是可以完成某个工作的代码块,在使用的时候,拿来即用,而不用考虑它的内部组成。PHP函数可以分为两类,一类是内置函数,即PHP自身的函数,只需要根据函数名调用即可。另一类是自定义函数,就是由用户自己定义的、用来实现特定功能的函数。

    定义和调用函数

    ​ 创建函数的基本语法格式为:

    <?php
        function fun_name($str1,$str2,$strn){
        	fun_body;
    	}
    ?>
    

    参数说明如下:

    • function:为声明自定义函数时必须使用到的关键字
    • fun_name:为自定义函数的名称
    • $str1 ... $strn:为函数的参数
    • fun_body:为自定义函数的主体,是功能实现部分

    当函数被定义好后,,所要做的就是调用这个函数。调用函数的操作十分简单,只需要引用函数名并赋予正确的参数即可完成函数的调用。

    代码示例:

    <?php
        // 声明自定义函数
        function example($num){
        	echo "$num * $num = ".$num * $num;
    	}
    	example(10);
    ?>
    

    运行结果:

    10 * 10 = 100;
    

    在函数间传递参数

    ​ 参数传递的方法有按值传递、按引用传递默认参数三种。

    按值传递方式

    ​ 按值传递方式是最常用的的参数传递方式,即将调用者括号内的值依次传递给函数括号内的值。

    代码示例:

    <?php
        # 按值传递
    	function test($num1,$num2,$num3){
    		echo '$num1 是:'.$num1."<br>";
    		$num1++;
    		echo '$num2 是:'.$num2."<br>";
    		echo '$num3 是:'.$num3."<br>";
    	}
    
    <span class="token variable">$num1</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token variable">$num2</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token variable">$num3</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token shell-comment comment"># 调用自定义函数</span>
    <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$num1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token variable">$num2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token variable">$num3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'$num1 是:'</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token variable">$num1</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'$num2 是:'</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token variable">$num2</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'$num3 是:'</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token variable">$num3</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    

    ?>

    运行结果:

    $num1 是:1
    $num2 是:2
    $num3 是:3
    

    $num1 是:1
    $num2 是:2
    $num3 是:3

    按引用传递方式

    ​ 按引用传递就是将参数的内存地址传递到函数中。这时,在函数内部的所有操作都会影响到调用者参数的值。使用引用传递方式传值时只需在源基础上加”&“即可。

    代码示例:

    <?php
        # 按引用传递
    	function test(&$num1,$num2,$num3){
    		echo '$num1 是:'.$num1."<br>";
    		$num1++;
    		echo '$num2 是:'.$num2."<br>";
    		echo '$num3 是:'.$num3."<br>";
    	}
    
    <span class="token variable">$num1</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token variable">$num2</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token variable">$num3</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token shell-comment comment"># 调用自定义函数</span>
    <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$num1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token variable">$num2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token variable">$num3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'$num1 是:'</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token variable">$num1</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'$num2 是:'</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token variable">$num2</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'$num3 是:'</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token variable">$num3</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"&lt;br&gt;"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    

    ?>

    运行结果:

    $num1 是:1
    $num2 是:2
    $num3 是:3
    

    $num1 是:2
    $num2 是:2
    $num3 是:3

    默认参数(可选参数)

    ​ 默认参数也称可选参数,可选参数与必选参数的区别在于,声明函数参数时,需要为可选参数赋值;在调用函数时,可选参数可以赋值也可以不赋值,若不赋值,则参数使用声明时的值,若赋值,则参数使用新赋的值。

    代码示例:

    <?php
        # 可选参数代码示例
    	function test($price,$tax = 0){
    		$price = $price + ($price * $tax);
    		echo "价格:$price<br>";
    	}
    
    <span class="token shell-comment comment"># 调用自定义函数</span>
    <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0.25</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">test</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    

    ?>

    运行结果:

    价格:125
    价格:100
    

    从函数中返回值

    ​ 调用函数时可以向函数发送信息(参数),函数也可以向调用者发回信息(返回值)。从函数返回的值称为结果(result)或返回值(return value)。函数将返回值传递给调用者的方式是使用关键字return。return将函数的返回值返回给函数的调用者,即将程序的控制权返回到调用者的作用域。

    代码示例:

    <?php
        # 定义total()函数,计算商品总价
    	function total($price,$number){
    		$total = $price * $number;
    		return $total;
    	}
    
    <span class="token variable">$sum</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token variable">$phone</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">total</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token variable">$computer</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">total</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">8000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token variable">$sum</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$phone</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token variable">$computer</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"合计"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token variable">$sum</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"元"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    

    ?>

    运行结果:

    合计90000元
    

    注:

    • return语句只能返回一个参数,即只能返回一个值,不能一次返回多个值。如果要返回多个结果,就要在函数中定义一个数组,将返回值存储在数组中返回。

    变量作用域

    ​ 在编写代码时,虽然有些变量在函数之外,有些变量在函数之内,但它们必须在有效范围内使用,如果变量超出有效范围,变量也就失去其意义。

    作用域说明
    局部变量在函数的内部定义的变量,其作用域是所在函数
    全局变量被定义在所有函数之外的变量,其作用域是整个PHP文件,但在用户自定义函数内部是不可用的。如果希望在用户自定义函数内部使用全局变量,则要使用global关键字声明
    静态变量能够在函数调用结束后仍保留变量值,当再次回到其作用域时,又可以继续使用原来的值。而一般变量在函数调用结束后,其存储的数据值将被清除,所占的内存空间被释放。使用讲台变量时,先要用关键字static来声明变量,把关键字static放在要定义的变量之前

    代码示例:

    <?php
        $example = "在...函数外";
    	function example(){
    		$example = "...在函数内...";
    		echo "在函数内输出的内容是:$example.<br>";
    	}
    
    <span class="token function">example</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"在函数外输出的内容是:<span class="token interpolation"><span class="token variable">$example</span></span>.&lt;br&gt;"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    

    ?>

    运行结果:

    在函数内输出的内容是:...在函数内....
    在函数外输出的内容是:在...函数外.
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/z1r0s/p/14284119.html
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