概要:
Spring表达式语言:SpEL
- Spring表达式语言(简称SpEL):是一个支持执行时查询和操作对象图的强大的表达式语言
- 语言类似于EL:SpEL使用#{...} 作为定界符,全部在大括号里的字符都将被觉得是SpEL
- SpEL为bean的属性进行动态赋值提供了便利
- 通过SpEL能够实现:
- 通过bean的id对bean进行引用
- 调用方法以及引用对象中的属性
- 计算表达式的值
- 正則表達式的匹配
SpEL:字面量(仅赋予字面值,使用SpEL的意义不大)
- 字面量的表示
- 整数:<property name="count" value="#{5}"/>
- 小数:<property name="frequency" value="#{89.7}"/>
- 科学计算法:<property name="capacity" value="#{1e4}"/>
- String能够使用单引號或者双引號作为字符串的定界符号:<property name="name" value="#{‘Chuck’}"/>或<property name='name' value='#{"Chuck"}'/>
- Boolean:<property name="enabled" value="#{false}"/>
SpEL:引用Bean、属性和方法
- 引用其它对象:
- 引用其它对象的属性(用普通的方式做不到的)
- 调用其它方法,还能够链式操作
- 调用静态方法或静态属性:通过T()调用一个类的静态方法,它将返回一个Class Object,然后再调用对应的方法或属性:
SpEL支持的运算符号
- 算数运算符:+,-,*,/,%,^
- 加号还能够用作字符串连接:
- 比較运算符:<,>,==,<=,>=,lt,gt,eq,le,ge
- 逻辑运算符号:and,or,not,|
- if-else运算符:?:(temary),?:(Elvis)
- if-else的变体
- 正則表達式:matches
实例代码具体解释
文件夹结构(用到的包)
Address.java
package com.coslay.beans.spel; public class Address { private String city; private String street; public String getCity() { return city; } public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; } public String getStreet() { return street; } public void setStreet(String street) { this.street = street; } @Override public String toString() { return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]"; } }
Car.java
package com.coslay.beans.spel; public class Car { private String brand; private double price; // 轮胎的周长 private double tyrePerimeter; public String getBrand() { return brand; } public void setBrand(String brand) { this.brand = brand; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(double price) { this.price = price; } public Car() { System.out.println("Car's Constructor..."); } public double getTyrePerimeter() { return tyrePerimeter; } public void setTyrePerimeter(double tyrePerimeter) { this.tyrePerimeter = tyrePerimeter; } @Override public String toString() { return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + ", tyrePerimeter=" + tyrePerimeter + "]"; } }
Person.java
package com.coslay.beans.spel; public class Person { private String name; private Car car; // 引用address bean的city属性 private String city; // 依据car的price确定info:car的price》=300000:金额 // 否则为:白领 private String info; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Car getCar() { return car; } public void setCar(Car car) { this.car = car; } public String getCity() { return city; } public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; } public String getInfo() { return info; } public void setInfo(String info) { this.info = info; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person [name=" + name + ", car=" + car + ", city=" + city + ", info=" + info + "]"; } }
Main.java
package com.coslay.beans.spel; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "beans-spel.xml"); Address address = (Address) ctx.getBean("address"); System.out.println(address); Car car = (Car) ctx.getBean("car"); System.out.println(car); Person person = (Person) ctx.getBean("person"); System.out.println(person); } }
beans-spel.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="address" class="com.coslay.beans.spel.Address"> <!-- 使用spel为属性赋一个字面值 --> <property name="city" value="#{'beijint'}"></property> <property name="street" value="WuDaoKou"></property> </bean> <bean id="car" class="com.coslay.beans.spel.Car"> <property name="brand" value="Audi"></property> <property name="price" value="5000000"></property> <!-- 使用SpEL引用类的静态属性 --> <property name="tyrePerimeter" value="#{T(java.lang.Math).PI * 80}"></property> </bean> <bean id="person" class="com.coslay.beans.spel.Person"> <!-- 使用 SpEL来引用其它的Bean --> <property name="car" value="#{car}"></property> <!-- 使用SpEL来引用其它的Bean的属性 --> <property name="city" value="#{address.city}"></property> <!-- SpEL中使用运算符 --> <property name="info" value="#{car.price > 300000 ? '金领' : '白领'}"></property> <property name="name" value="Tom"></property> </bean> </beans>