• 36#有效的数独


    题目描述

    判断一个 9x9 的数独是否有效。只需要根据以下规则,验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。

    1. 数字 1-9 在每一行只能出现一次。
    2. 数字 1-9 在每一列只能出现一次。
    3. 数字 1-9 在每一个以粗实线分隔的 3x3 宫内只能出现一次。

    img

    上图是一个部分填充的有效的数独。

    数独部分空格内已填入了数字,空白格用 '.' 表示。

    示例 1:

    输入:
    [
      ["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."],
      ["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."],
      [".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."],
      ["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"],
      ["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"],
      ["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"],
      [".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."],
      [".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"],
      [".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]
    ]
    输出: true
    

    示例 2:

    输入:
    [
      ["8","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."],
      ["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."],
      [".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."],
      ["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"],
      ["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"],
      ["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"],
      [".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."],
      [".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"],
      [".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]
    ]
    输出: false
    解释: 除了第一行的第一个数字从 5 改为 8 以外,空格内其他数字均与 示例1 相同。
         但由于位于左上角的 3x3 宫内有两个 8 存在, 因此这个数独是无效的。
    

    说明:

    • 一个有效的数独(部分已被填充)不一定是可解的。
    • 只需要根据以上规则,验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。
    • 给定数独序列只包含数字 1-9 和字符 '.'
    • 给定数独永远是 9x9 形式的。

    分析

    一个直观的印象就是要把整个9×9宫遍历一遍,对每一个元素进行判断。要使一个单元(一个单元指同一行/列/3×3宫)内的元素没有重复,实际上就是查看当前的元素在对应的单元内是不是已经存在了。如果已经存在,说明有重复,这个数独不是有效的数独;如果所有的元素都遍历完了,也没有判断出重复,说明这个数独是有效的数独。

    根据“查看当前的元素在对应的单元内是不是已经存在了”这一思路,我们可以设置一个哈希表,将每个非空元素添加进去,哈希表的add()方法会返回一个boolean变量,如果添加的元素已存在于表中,返回值是false;如果添加的值不存在于表中,返回值是true。添加不是简单地只把元素的值添加进去,同时要把它所附带的位置信息一起填入,这样每个元素才是独一无二的。

    源码

    class Solution {
        public boolean isValidSudoku(char[][] board)
        {
            HashSet set = new HashSet();
            for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
                    char current = board[i][j];
                    if (current != '.') {
                        if (!set.add(current + " in row " + i) ||  // 判断当前行
                            !set.add(current + " in col " + j) ||  // 判断当前列
                            !set.add(current + " in box " + i / 3 + ", " + j/3)) // 判断当前3*3宫
                            return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
    }
    

    测试用例

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        ValidSudoku vs = new ValidSudoku();
        char[][] board = new char[][]
        {{'5','3','.','.','7','.','.','.','.'},
        {'6','.','.','1','9','5','.','.','.'},
        {'.','9','8','.','.','.','.','6','.'},
        {'8','.','.','.','6','.','.','.','3'},
        {'4','.','.','8','.','3','.','.','1'},
        {'7','.','.','.','2','.','.','.','6'},
        {'.','6','.','.','.','.','2','8','.'},
        {'.','.','.','4','1','9','.','.','5'},
        {'.','.','.','.','8','.','.','7','9'}};
        System.out.println(vs.isValidSudoku(board));
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuzhenzero/p/9679185.html
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