在使用注释配置之前,先来回顾一下传统上是如何配置 Bean 并完成 Bean 之间依赖关系的建立。下面是 3 个类,它们分别是 Office、Car 和 Boss,这 3 个类需要在 Spring 容器中配置为 Bean:
Office 仅有一个属性:
清单 1. Office.java
package com.baobaotao; public class Office { private String officeNo =”001”; //省略 get/setter
@Override public String toString() { return "officeNo:" + officeNo; } }
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Car 拥有两个属性:
清单 2. Car.java
package com.baobaotao; public class Car { private String brand; private double price;
// 省略 get/setter
@Override public String toString() { return "brand:" + brand + "," + "price:" + price; } }
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Boss 拥有 Office 和 Car 类型的两个属性:
清单 3. Boss.java
package com.baobaotao; public class Boss { private Car car; private Office office; // 省略 get/setter
@Override public String toString() { return "car:" + car + "\n" + "office:" + office; } }
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我们在 Spring 容器中将 Office 和 Car 声明为 Bean,并注入到 Boss Bean 中:下面是使用传统 XML 完成这个工作的配置文件 beans.xml:
清单 4. beans.xml 将以上三个类配置成 Bean
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<bean id="boss" class="com.baobaotao.Boss"> <property name="car" ref="car"/> <property name="office" ref="office" /> </bean>
<bean id="office" class="com.baobaotao.Office"> <property name="officeNo" value="002"/> </bean>
<bean id="car" class="com.baobaotao.Car" scope="singleton"> <property name="brand" value=" 红旗 CA72"/> <property name="price" value="2000"/> </bean>
</beans>
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当我们运行以下代码时,控制台将正确打出 boss 的信息:
清单 5. 测试类:AnnoIoCTest.java
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class AnnoIoCTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] locations = {"beans.xml"};
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(locations);
Boss boss = (Boss) ctx.getBean("boss");
System.out.println(boss);
}
}