MySQL主从数据库配置

使用工具

MySQL数据版本：5.6.36-log、
两台云服务器（Linux系统）

首先，需要在Linux系统下安装MySQL,具体步骤可以参考这里，并且确保两台主机可以相互访问，可以直接ping一下。

配置Master

• 在Linux环境下，MySQL的配置文件在/ect/my.cnf，直接打开并编辑该文件：vim /etc/my.cnf
• 在[mysqld]下输入配置

log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=2
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-do-db=rwtest

这里的server-id用于标识唯一的数据库，这里设置为2在设从库需要设置为其他值。

binlog-ignore-db：表示同步的时候ignore的数据库
binlog-do-db：指定需要同步的数据库

• 重启MySQL：service mysqld restart
• 登录MySQL并对访问用户进行授权：Slave机器需要File权限和REPLICATION SLAVE权限，当然也可以授予全部权限。

grant file on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'your password';

grant replication slave on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'your password';

flush privileges;

or

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'your password';

flush privileges;

• 完成后，可以查看下Master的状态：show master status

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+----------------------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB                 | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+----------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |     2272 | rwtest       | information_schema,mysql |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+----------------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

这里的File和Position在Slave中都要用到，Binlog_Do_DB指需要同步的数据库,Binlog_Ignore_DB指不需要同步的数据库，就是刚才配置的值。

配置Slave

• 同样在[mysqld]下对配置文件进行编写

log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=3
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-do-db=rwtest
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
log-slave-updates
slave-skip-errors=all
slave-net-timeout=60

• 配置完毕后同样重启一下MySQL，并进入设置其对应的Master

mysql> stop slave;  #关闭Slave
mysql> change master to master_host='Master主机IP',master_user='刚才授权的用户',master_password='your password',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', master_log_pos=2272;

mysql> start slave;  #开启Slave

master_log_file和master_log_pos都是Master的状态值。必须对应。

• 登录slave的数据库，查看slave的状态：show slave status G

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 你的Master主机IP
                  Master_User: root
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2272
               Relay_Log_File: izwz9fcvpu481xh55cegx0z-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 1339
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: rwtest
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2272
              Relay_Log_Space: 1530
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 2
                  Master_UUID: de20814f-2fb8-11e7-8f61-5254002b91a1
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.03 sec)

如果状态中含有没有报Error，则表示配置成功了。

接下来你通过可视化工具连接两个数据库，在主库中进行增删改操作，从库中也会有相应的操作，而在从库中进行此类操作对主库无效。