ASP.NET MVC路由配置

一、命名参数规范+匿名对象

routes.MapRoute(name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", 
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } ); 

构造路由然后添加

Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}", new MvcRouteHandler()); 
routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute);  

二、直接方法重载+匿名对象

routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); 

个人觉得第一种比较易懂，第二种方便调试，第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。

1.默认路由(MVC自带)

routes.MapRoute(  
"Default", // 路由名称 
"{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL  
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 

2.静态URL段

routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });  
routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" });  
routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction.js", 
 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); 

没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。

比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js，response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。

3.自定义常规变量URL段

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId" });

这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话，因为第三段(id)没有值，根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId

这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出

ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];  

结果是标题显示为DefaultId， 注意要在控制器里面赋值，在视图赋值没法编译的。

4.再述默认路由

然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法，这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解，实际参数是用户发来的，我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是，如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话，建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如：

public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd")
{
    ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];
    return View();
}

5.可变长度路由

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
 "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });

在这里id和最后一段都是可变的，所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....

6.跨命名空间路由

这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间，开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流，不建议瞎搞。

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
"{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers", "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); 

但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的，如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。

routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute",
"Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });  
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", 
"{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" }); 

这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦，也就不再往下找啦。

Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute",  
"Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",  
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },  
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });  myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;

7.正则表达式匹配路由

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
 "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 
 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, 
 new { controller = "^H.*"},  
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

约束多个URL

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },  
new { controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About___FCKpd___13quot;},  
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

8.指定请求方法

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },  
new { controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") },  
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });  

9.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Web; 
using System.Web.Routing; 
/// <summary> 
/// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface.  
/// </summary> 
public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint 
{ 
  
    private string requiredUserAgent; 
    public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam) 
    { 
        requiredUserAgent = agentParam; 
    } 
    public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName, 
    RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection) 
    { 
        return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null && 
        httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent); 
    } 
} 

routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute", "{*catchall}",  
  
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" },  
  
new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") },  
  
new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); 

比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。

10.访问本地文档

routes.RouteExistingFiles = true;  
  
routes.MapRoute("DiskFile", "Content/StaticContent.html", new { controller = "Customer", action = "List", });

浏览网站，以开启 IIS Express，然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点

<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0" /> 

把这个节点里的preCondition删除，变成

<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" /> 

11.直接访问本地资源，绕过了路由系统

routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");  

文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。

IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话，后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。

三、路由测试(在测试项目的基础上，要装moq)

PM> Install-Package Moq 

using System; 
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting; 
using System.Web; 
using Moq; 
using System.Web.Routing; 
using System.Reflection; 
[TestClass] 
public class RoutesTest 
{ 
    private HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(string targetUrl = null, string HttpMethod = "GET") 
    { 
        // create the mock request 
        Mock<HttpRequestBase> mockRequest = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>(); 
        mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath) 
        .Returns(targetUrl); 
        mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod); 
        // create the mock response 
        Mock<HttpResponseBase> mockResponse = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>(); 
        mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier( 
        It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s => s); 
        // create the mock context, using the request and response 
        Mock<HttpContextBase> mockContext = new Mock<HttpContextBase>(); 
        mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object); 
        mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object); 
        // return the mocked context 
        return mockContext.Object; 
    } 
  
    private void TestRouteMatch(string url, string controller, string action, object routeProperties = null, string httpMethod = "GET") 
    { 
        // Arrange 
        RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection(); 
        RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes); 
        // Act - process the route 
        RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod)); 
        // Assert 
        Assert.IsNotNull(result); 
        Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties)); 
    } 
  
    private bool TestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult, string controller, string action, object propertySet = null) 
    { 
        Func<object, object, bool> valCompare = (v1, v2) => 
        { 
            return StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase 
            .Compare(v1, v2) == 0; 
        }; 
        bool result = valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"], controller) 
        && valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"], action); 
        if (propertySet != null) 
        { 
            PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties(); 
            foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propInfo) 
            { 
                if (!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name) 
                && valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name], 
                pi.GetValue(propertySet, null)))) 
                { 
                    result = false; 
                    break; 
                } 
            } 
        } 
        return result; 
    } 
  
    private void TestRouteFail(string url) 
    { 
        // Arrange 
        RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection(); 
        RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes); 
        // Act - process the route 
        RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url)); 
        // Assert 
        Assert.IsTrue(result == null || result.Route == null); 
    } 
  
    [TestMethod] 
    public void TestIncomingRoutes() 
    { 
        // check for the URL that we hope to receive 
        TestRouteMatch("~/Admin/Index", "Admin", "Index"); 
        // check that the values are being obtained from the segments 
        TestRouteMatch("~/One/Two", "One", "Two"); 
        // ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match 
        TestRouteFail("~/Admin/Index/Segment");//失败 
        TestRouteFail("~/Admin");//失败 
        TestRouteMatch("~/", "Home", "Index"); 
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer", "Customer", "Index"); 
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List", "Customer", "List"); 
        TestRouteFail("~/Customer/List/All");//失败 
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All" }); 
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete" }); 
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete/Perm" }); 
    } 
  
  
  
}