• MySql中游标的定义与使用方式


    创建游标

    首先在MySql中创建一张数据表:
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `store` (
      `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
      `count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=7;
     
    INSERT INTO `store` (`id`, `name`, `count`) VALUES
    (1, 'android', 15),
    (2, 'iphone', 14),
    (3, 'iphone', 20),
    (4, 'android', 5),
    (5, 'android', 13),
    (6, 'iphone', 13);
    我们现在要用存储过程做一个功能,统计iphone的总库存是多少,并把总数输出到控制台。
    --在windows系统中写存储过程时,如果需要使用declare声明变量,需要添加这个关键字,否则会报错。
    delimiter //
    drop procedure if exists StatisticStore;
    CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore()
    BEGIN
        --创建接收游标数据的变量
        declare c int;
        declare n varchar(20);
        --创建总数变量
        declare total int default 0;
        --创建结束标志变量
        declare done int default false;
        --创建游标
        declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
        --指定游标循环结束时的返回值
        declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
        --设置初始值
        set total = 0;
        --打开游标
        open cur;
        --开始循环游标里的数据
        read_loop:loop
        --根据游标当前指向的一条数据
        fetch cur into n,c;
        --判断游标的循环是否结束
        if done then
            leave read_loop;    --跳出游标循环
        end if;
        --获取一条数据时,将count值进行累加操作,这里可以做任意你想做的操作,
        set total = total + c;
        --结束游标循环
        end loop;
        --关闭游标
        close cur;
     
        --输出结果
        select total;
    END;
    --调用存储过程
    call StatisticStore();
    fetch是获取游标当前指向的数据行,并将指针指向下一行,当游标已经指向最后一行时继续执行会造成游标溢出。
    使用loop循环游标时,他本身是不会监控是否到最后一条数据了,像下面代码这种写法,就会造成死循环;
    read_loop:loop
    fetch cur into n,c;
    set total = total+c;
    end loop;
    在MySql中,造成游标溢出时会引发mysql预定义的NOT FOUND错误,所以在上面使用下面的代码指定了当引发not found错误时定义一个continue 的事件,指定这个事件发生时修改done变量的值。
    declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
    所以在循环时加上了下面这句代码:
    --判断游标的循环是否结束
    if done then
        leave read_loop;    --跳出游标循环
    end if;
    如果done的值是true,就结束循环。继续执行下面的代码。

    使用方式

    游标有三种使用方式:
    第一种就是上面的实现,使用loop循环;
    第二种方式如下,使用while循环:
    drop procedure if exists StatisticStore1;
    CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore1()
    BEGIN
        declare c int;
        declare n varchar(20);
        declare total int default 0;
        declare done int default false;
        declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
        declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
        set total = 0;
        open cur;
        fetch cur into n,c;
        while(not done) do
            set total = total + c;
            fetch cur into n,c;
        end while;
        
        close cur;
        select total;
    END;
     
    call StatisticStore1();
    第三种方式是使用repeat执行:
    drop procedure if exists StatisticStore2;
    CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore2()
    BEGIN
        declare c int;
        declare n varchar(20);
        declare total int default 0;
        declare done int default false;
        declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
        declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
        set total = 0;
        open cur;
        repeat
        fetch cur into n,c;
        if not done then
            set total = total + c;
        end if;
        until done end repeat;
        close cur;
        select total;
    END;
     
    call StatisticStore2();

    游标嵌套

    在mysql中,每个begin end 块都是一个独立的scope区域,由于MySql中同一个error的事件只能定义一次,如果多定义的话在编译时会提示Duplicate handler declared in the same block。
    drop procedure if exists StatisticStore3;
    CREATE PROCEDURE StatisticStore3()
    BEGIN
        declare _n varchar(20);
        declare done int default false;
        declare cur cursor for select name from store group by name;
        declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
        open cur;
        read_loop:loop
        fetch cur into _n;
        if done then
            leave read_loop;
        end if;
        begin
            declare c int;
            declare n varchar(20);
            declare total int default 0;
            declare done int default false;
            declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'iphone';
            declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
            set total = 0;
            open cur;
            iphone_loop:loop
            fetch cur into n,c;
            if done then
                leave iphone_loop;
            end if;
            set total = total + c;
            end loop;
            close cur;
            select _n,n,total;
        end;
        begin
                declare c int;
                declare n varchar(20);
                declare total int default 0;
                declare done int default false;
                declare cur cursor for select name,count from store where name = 'android';
                declare continue HANDLER for not found set done = true;
                set total = 0;
                open cur;
                android_loop:loop
                fetch cur into n,c;
                if done then
                    leave android_loop;
                end if;
                set total = total + c;
                end loop;
                close cur;
            select _n,n,total;
        end;
        begin
        
        end;
        end loop;
        close cur;
    END;
     
    call StatisticStore3();
    上面就是实现一个嵌套循环,当然这个例子比较牵强。凑合看看就行。。

    动态SQL

    Mysql 支持动态SQL的功能,
    set @sqlStr='select * from table where condition1 = ?';
    prepare s1 for @sqlStr;
    --如果有多个参数用逗号分隔
    execute s1 using @condition1;
    --手工释放,或者是 connection 关闭时, server 自动回收
    deallocate prepare s1;
     







    https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36213352/article/details/83059805



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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/youmingkuang/p/14280844.html
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