WEBAPI

1.WEBAPI

在新出的MVC4中，增加了WebAPI，用于提供REST风格的WebService，新生成的WebAPI项目和典型的MVC项目一样，包含主要的Models、Views、Controllers等文件夹和Global.asax文件。Views对于WebAPI来说没有太大的用途，Models中的Model主要用于保存Service和Client交互的对象，这些对象默认情况下会被转换为Json格式的数据迚行传输，Controllers中的Controller对应于WebService来说是一个Resource，用于提供服务。和普通的MVC一样，Global.asax用于配置路由规则。

REST风格：https://www.jianshu.com/p/6e8381c9b01d

2.示例

注意：再次强调Views对于WebAPI来说没有太大的用途，Models中的Model主要用于保存Service和Client交互的对象，这些对象默认情况下会被转换为Json格式的数据进行传输，Controllers中的Controller对应于WebService来说是一个Resource，用于提供服务。和普通的MVC一样，Global.asax用于配置路由规则

Model

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;

namespace WebAPI.Models
{
    public class UserModel
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string PassWord { get; set; }
    }
}

Controller

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using WebAPI.Models;

namespace WebAPI.Controllers
{
    public class UserController : ApiController
    {

        public static List<UserModel> allModeList = new List<UserModel>() { 
          new UserModel(){ Id=1,UserName="zhang", PassWord="123"},
          new UserModel(){ Id=2,UserName="lishi", PassWord="123456"},
          new UserModel(){ Id=3,UserName="wang", PassWord="1234567"}
        };

        //Get  api/User
        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<UserModel> Get()
        {
            return allModeList;
        }

        //Get  api/User/1
        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<UserModel> GetOne(int id)
        {
            return allModeList.FindAll((x) => { return x.Id == id; });
        }

        //Get api/User/?username=xxx
        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<UserModel> GetOneByModel(string username)
        {
            return allModeList.FindAll((m) => { return m.UserName.Equals(username); });
        }

        //Get api/User/?username=xxx&password=xxx
        public IEnumerable<UserModel> GetOneByModel(string username, string password)
        {
            return allModeList.FindAll((m =>
            {
                return m.UserName.Equals(username) &&
                    m.PassWord.Equals(password);
            }));
        }


        //Post  api/User
        [HttpPost]
        public bool PostNew(UserModel user)
        {
            try
            {
                allModeList.Add(user);
                return true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        //DELETE api/User/1
        [HttpDelete]
        public int DeleteOne(int id)
        {
            return allModeList.RemoveAll((x) => { return x.Id == id; });
        }

        //DELETE api/User
        [HttpDelete]
        public int DeleteAll()
        {
            return allModeList.RemoveAll((x) => { return true; });
        }

        //Put  api/Put
        [HttpPut]
        public int PutOne(int id, UserModel user)
        {
            List<UserModel> list = allModeList.
                FindAll((mode) => { return mode.Id == id; });
            foreach (var mode in list)
            {
                mode.PassWord = user.PassWord;
                mode.UserName = user.UserName;
            }
            return list.Count;
        }

    }
}

Global

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace WebAPI
{
    public static class WebApiConfig
    {
        public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                name: "DefaultApi",
                routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
                defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            );

            // 取消注释下面的代码行可对具有 IQueryable 或 IQueryable<T> 返回类型的操作启用查询支持。
            // 若要避免处理意外查询或恶意查询，请使用 QueryableAttribute 上的验证设置来验证传入查询。
            // 有关详细信息，请访问 http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=279712。
            //config.EnableQuerySupport();

            // 若要在应用程序中禁用跟踪，请注释掉或删除以下代码行
            // 有关详细信息，请参阅: http://www.asp.net/web-api
            config.EnableSystemDiagnosticsTracing();
        }
    }
}

URL，HTTPMETHOD,ACTION对应的关系

　URL       HttpMethod   对应的Action名

   /api/User      GET        GetALL

   /api/User/1    GET         GetOne

   /api/User      POST        PostNew

   /api/User/1    DELETE     DeleteOne

   /api/User      DELETE     DeleteALL

   /api/User      PUT         PutOne

 

JS客户端

<button onclick="getAll()">getAll</button>
<button onclick="find()">find</button>
<button onclick="add()">add</button>
<button onclick="removeUser()">remove</button>
<button onclick="removeAll()">removeAll</button>
<button onclick="udpate()">udpate</button>
<button onclick="getUserByName()">getUserByName</button>
<button onclick="getUserByName2()">getUserByName2</button>

<div id="body"></div>
<div id="modes"></div>

<script type="text/javascript">

    function getAll() {
        $.ajax({
            url: "api/User/",
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (data) {
                document.getElementById("modes").innerHTML = "";
                $.each(data, function (key, val) {
                    var str = val.UserName + ': ' + val.PassWord;
                    $('<li/>', { html: str }).appendTo($('#modes'));
                });
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });
    }

    function find() {
        $.ajax({
            //url: "api/User/?key=1" ,
            url: "api/User/1",
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (data) {
                document.getElementById("modes").innerHTML = "";
                $.each(data, function (key, val) {
                    var str = val.UserName + ': ' + val.PassWord;
                    $('<li/>', { html: str }).appendTo($('#modes'));
                });
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });
    }

    function add() {

        $.ajax({
            url: "api/User/",
            type: "POST",
            dataType: "json",
            data: { "Id": 4, "UserName": "admin", "PassWord": "666666" },
            success: function (data) {
                getAll();
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });

    }

    function removeUser() {
        $.ajax({
            url: "api/User/3",
            type: 'DELETE',
            success: function (data) {
                document.getElementById("modes").innerHTML = "";
                getAll();
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });
    }

    function removeAll() {
        $.ajax({
            url: "api/User/",
            type: 'DELETE',
            success: function (data) {
                document.getElementById("modes").innerHTML = "";
                getAll();
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });
    }
    function udpate() {
        $.ajax({
            url: "api/User/1",
            type: 'PUT',
            dataType: "json",
            data: { Id: 1, "UserName": "admin", "PassWord": "666666" },
            success: function (data) {
                document.getElementById("modes").innerHTML = "";
                getAll();
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });
    }

    function getUserByName() {
        $.ajax({
            url: "api/User/?userName=zhang",
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (data) {
                document.getElementById("modes").innerHTML = "";
                var str = data.UserName + ': ' + data.PassWord;
                $('<li/>', { html: str }).appendTo($('#modes'));
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });
    }

    function getUserByName2() {
        $.ajax({
            url: "api/User/?userName=zhang&passWord=123",
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (data) {
                document.getElementById("modes").innerHTML = "";
                var str = data.UserName + ': ' + data.PassWord;
                $('<li/>', { html: str }).appendTo($('#modes'));
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });
    }


</script>

以上实现了最基本的CRUD操作。

3. WEBAPI传参数  url: "api/User/?userName=zhang"

//Get api/User/?username=xxx
        [HttpGet]
        public IEnumerable<UserModel> GetOneByModel(string username)
        {
            return allModeList.FindAll((m) => { return m.UserName.Equals(username); });
        }

        //Get api/User/?username=xxx&password=xxx
        public IEnumerable<UserModel> GetOneByModel(string username, string password)
        {
            return allModeList.FindAll((m =>
            {
                return m.UserName.Equals(username) &&
                    m.PassWord.Equals(password);
            }));
        }

function getUserByName() {
        $.ajax({
            url: "api/User/?userName=zhang",
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (data) {
                document.getElementById("modes").innerHTML = "";
                var str = data.UserName + ': ' + data.PassWord;
                $('<li/>', { html: str }).appendTo($('#modes'));
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });
    }

    function getUserByName2() {
        $.ajax({
            url: "api/User/?userName=zhang&passWord=123",
            type: 'GET',
            success: function (data) {
                document.getElementById("modes").innerHTML = "";
                var str = data.UserName + ': ' + data.PassWord;
                $('<li/>', { html: str }).appendTo($('#modes'));
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('Error: ' + err);
        });

4. 路由规则扩展

　　和普通的MVC一样，MVC WebAPI支持自定义的路由规则，如：在上面的操作中，路由规则使用

"api/{controller}/{id}"

则限定了使用GET方式利用URL来传值时，controller后面的接收参数名为id，但是在Controller中，如果GetOne方法的接收参数名为key，是不会被匹配的，这是只需要新增一个新的路由规则，或修改原先的路由规则为：

"api/{controller}/{key}",如下所示：

 config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(

                name: "DefaultApi",

                routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{key}",

                defaults: new { key = RouteParameter.Optional }

            );

当然，可以对路由进行更深的扩展，如：扩展成和普通MVC一样的路由：

"api/{controller}/{action}/{id}"

这样，就要求同时使用Action和HTTP方法进行匹配。

5.  使用Attribute声明HTTP方法

　　[HttpGet]

       public IEnumerable<TestUseMode> FindAll()

       [HttpGet]

       public IEnumerable<TestUseMode> FindByKey(string key)

       [HttpPost]

       public bool Add(TestUseMode mode)

       [HttpDelete]

       public int RemoveByKey(string key)

       [HttpDelete]

       public int RemoveAll()

       [HttpPut]

       public int UpdateByKey(string key, string value)

       [NonAction] 

       public string GetPrivateData()

 

***NoAction表示这个方法是不接收请求的，即使以GET开头。

如果感觉常规的GET，POST，DELETE，PUT不够用，还可以使用AcceptVerbs的方式来声明HTTP方法，如：

[AcceptVerbs("MKCOL", "HEAD")]

public int UpdateByKey(string key, string value)

{

            List<TestUseMode> upDataList = allModeList.FindAll((mode) => { if (mode.ModeKey == key) return true; return false; });

            foreach(var mode in upDataList)

            {

                mode.ModeValue = value;

            }

            return upDataList.Count;

}

6.  ASP.NET MVC4+WebAPI+FluentData

Model

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace FluentData.Entity
{
    public class Customer
    {
        public string CustomerID { get; set; }
        public string CompanyName { get; set; }
        public string ContactName { get; set; }
        public string ContactTitle { get; set; }
        public string Address { get; set; }
        public string City { get; set; }
        public string Region { get; set; }
        public string PostalCode { get; set; }
        public string Country { get; set; }
        public string Phone { get; set; }
        public string Fax { get; set; }

    }
}

Service

using FluentData.Entity;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace FluentData.DAL
{
    public class CustomerService
    {
        private IDbContext context = DBHelper.Context();

        public Customer Select(string customerId)
        {

            return context.Select<Customer>("*").From("Customers").Where("CustomerID=@0").Parameters(customerId)
                   .QuerySingle();

        }

        public List<Customer> SelectAll()
        {
            return context.Select<Customer>("*").From("Customers").QueryMany();
        }

        public List<Customer> SelectAll(string sortExpression)
        {
            if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(sortExpression)) return null;
            return context.Select<Customer>("*").From("Customers").OrderBy(sortExpression).QueryMany();
        }

        public List<Customer> SelectAll(int currentPageIndex, int maxRows, string sortExpression)
        {
            var select = context.Select<Customer>("*").From("Customers");
            if (maxRows > 0)
            {
                if (currentPageIndex == 0) currentPageIndex = 1;
                select.Paging(currentPageIndex, maxRows);
            }
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sortExpression))
            {
                select.OrderBy(sortExpression);
            }

            return select.QueryMany();
        }

        public int CountAll()
        {
            return context.Sql("select count(*) from Customers").QuerySingle<int>();
        }

        public int Insert(Customer customer)
        {

            int affected = context.Insert("Customers").Column("CustomerID", customer.CustomerID)
                           .Column("CompanyName", customer.CompanyName)
                           .Column("ContactName", customer.ContactName)
                           .Column("Country", customer.Country)
                           .Execute();
            return affected;
        }

        public int Update(Customer customer)
        {
            int rowsAffected = context.Update("Customers").Column("CompanyName", customer.CompanyName)
                           .Column("ContactName", customer.ContactName)
                           .Column("Country", customer.Country)
                           .Where("CustomerID", customer.CustomerID)
                           .Execute();
            return rowsAffected;

        }

        public int Delete(string customerId)
        {
            return context.Delete("Customers").Where("CustomerID", customerId).Execute();
        }

        public int Delete(Customer customer)
        {
            return this.Delete(customer.CustomerID);
        }

    }
}

Controller

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using FluentData.DAL;
using FluentData.Entity;

namespace WebAPI.Controllers
{
    public class CustomerController : ApiController
    {
        private CustomerService customerService = new CustomerService();

        //Select All
        public IEnumerable<Customer> Get()
        {
            return customerService.SelectAll();
        }

        //Select By Id
        public Customer Get(string id)
        {
            return customerService.Select(id);
        }

        //Insert
        public void Post(Customer customer)
        {
            customerService.Insert(customer);
        }


        //Update
        public void Put(string id, Customer obj)
        {
            customerService.Update(obj);
        }

        //Delete
        public void Delete(string id)
        {
            customerService.Delete(id);
        }

    }
}

VIew

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "CustomerManager";
}

<h2>CustomerManager</h2>

<table id="customerTable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="700px">
    <tr>
        <th>Customer ID</th>
        <th>Company Name</th>
        <th>Contact Name</th>
        <th>Country</th>
        <th>Actions</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td><input type="text" id="txtCustomerId" style="100px" size="5" /></td>
        <td><input type="text" id="txtCompanyName" style="150px" /></td>
        <td><input type="text" id="txtContactName" style="150px" /></td>
        <td><input type="text" id="txtCountry" style="150px" /></td>
        <td><input type="button" name="btnInsert" value="Insert" style="150px" /></td>
    </tr>
</table>

<div id="#modes"></div>

<script type="text/javascript">
    $(function () {
        $.getJSON("api/Customer", LoadCustomers);
    });

    function LoadCustomers(data) {
        $("#customerTable").find("tr:gt(1)").remove();
        $.each(data, function (key, val) {
            var tableRow = '<tr>' +
                            '<td>' + val.CustomerID + '</td>' +
                            '<td><input type="text" value="' + val.CompanyName + '" /></td>' +
                            '<td><input type="text" value="' + val.ContactName + '" /></td>' +
                            '<td><input type="text" value="' + val.Country + '" /></td>' +
                            '<td><input type="button" name="btnUpdate" value="修改" /> <input type="button" name="btnDelete" value="删除" /></td>' +
                            '</tr>';
            $('#customerTable').append(tableRow);
        });

        $("input[name='btnInsert']").click(OnInsert);
        $("input[name='btnUpdate']").click(OnUpdate);
        $("input[name='btnDelete']").click(OnDelete);
    }

    function OnInsert(evt) {
        var customerId = $("#txtCustomerId").val();
        var companyName = $("#txtCompanyName").val();
        var contactName = $("#txtContactName").val();
        var country = $("#txtCountry").val();
        var data = '{"CustomerID":"' + customerId + '","CompanyName":"' + companyName + '","ContactName":"' + contactName + '","Country":"' + country + '"}';

        $.ajax({
            type: 'POST',
            url: '/api/Customer/',
            data: data,
            contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function (results) {
                $("#txtCustomerId").val('');
                $("#txtCompanyName").val('');
                $("#txtContactName").val('');
                $("#txtCountry").val('');
                $.getJSON("api/customers" + new Date().getTime(), LoadCustomers);
                alert('添加成功!');
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('添加失败，原因如下: ' + err);
        });
    }
    function OnUpdate(evt) {

        var input;
        var customerId = $(this).parent().parent().children().get(0).innerHTML;

        input = $($(this).parent().parent().children().get(1)).find("input");
        //input.removeAttr("disabled");
        var companyName = input.val();

        input = $($(this).parent().parent().children().get(2)).find("input");
        //input.removeAttr("disabled");
        var contactName = input.val();

        input = $($(this).parent().parent().children().get(3)).find("input");
        //input.removeAttr("disabled");
        var country = input.val();

        var data = '{"CustomerID":"' + customerId + '","CompanyName":"' + companyName + '","ContactName":"' + contactName + '","Country":"' + country + '"}';

        $.ajax({
            type: 'PUT',
            url: '/api/Customer/' + customerId,
            data: data,
            contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function (results) {
                $.getJSON("api/Customer" + new Date().getTime(), LoadCustomers);
                alert('修改成功 !');
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('修改失败，原因如下: ' + err);
        });
    }
    function OnDelete(evt) {
        var customerId = $(this).parent().parent().children().get(0).innerHTML;
        //var data = '{"id":"' + customerId + '"}';
        //var row = $(this).parent().parent();

        $.ajax({
            type: 'DELETE',
            url: '/api/Customer/' + customerId,
            contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            dataType: 'json',
            success: function (results) {
                $.getJSON("api/Customer?" + new Date().getTime(), LoadCustomers);
                alert('成功删除!');
            }
        }).fail(
        function (xhr, textStatus, err) {
            alert('删除失败，原因如下: ' + err);
        });

    }
</script>

7.webapi 高级部分