转自:http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/61448
关键词:
flask-sqlalchemy, sqlalchemy, 分表,分库
大型系统、海量数据肯定涉及到分库分表这些提高效率的手段。由于sqlalchemy的orm思想是一张表对应一个对象,那么当我们有N张相同结构只是表名有区别的分表,sqlalchemy orm怎样处理呢。比如有如下表:
CREATE TABLE `goods_desc_0` (
`goods_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '商品id',
`goods_desc` text NOT NULL COMMENT '商品详细描述',
PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT COMMENT='商品信息详情'
CREATE TABLE `goods_desc_1` (
`goods_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '商品id',
`goods_desc` text NOT NULL COMMENT '商品详细描述',
PRIMARY KEY (`goods_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT COMMENT='商品信息详情'
class GoodsDesc(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'goods_desc'
goods_id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
goods_desc = db.Column(db.Text, default=None)
def __str__(self):
return "GoodsDesc => {
goods_id:%d, goods_desc:'%s'}" % (
self.goods_id, self.goods_desc)
__repr__ = __str__
# 代码示例
goods_id = 101
table_index = goods_id%2
table_name = 'goods_desc_%d' % table_index
GoodsDesc.__table__.name = table_name
gd = GoodsDesc.query.filter(GoodsDesc.goods_id == goods_id).first()
# 这样写虽然也能工作,但是是非常危险的,因为GoodsDesc.__table__是静态全局变量,
# 而且不是web程序request级别的,是app context的,非常不安全。
经过N次Google,终于找到解决方案,而且代码写起来也很优雅。代码如下:
class GoodsDesc(object):
_mapper = {}
@staticmethod
def model(goods_id):
table_index = goods_id%100
class_name = 'GoodsDesc_%d' % table_index
ModelClass = GoodsDesc._mapper.get(class_name, None)
if ModelClass is None:
ModelClass = type(class_name, (db.Model,), {
'__module__' : __name__,
'__name__' : class_name,
'__tablename__' : 'goods_desc_%d' % table_index,
'goods_id' : db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True),
'goods_desc' : db.Column(db.Text, default=None),
})
GoodsDesc._mapper[class_name] = ModelClass
cls = ModelClass()
cls.goods_id = goods_id
return cls
# 外部代码调用如例如下:
# -----------------------
# 新增插入
gdm = GoodsDesc.model(goods_id)
gdm.goods_desc = 'desc'
db.session.add(gd)
# 查询
gdm = GoodsDesc.model(goods_id)
gd = gdm.query.filter_by(goods_id=goods_id).first()