题目大意:
给你$k$种颜料,每种颜料有$c_{i}$份,每份颜料涂一块木板,求恰好用完所有颜料且相邻两木板颜色不同的涂色方案种数.($1leq kleq 15$,$1leq c_{i}leq 5$)
基本思路:
由于此题数据较小,考虑DP套组合数学,但重复dp运算量极大,考虑记忆化搜索优化.又因为每种颜料至多5份,类比乌龟棋,我们可以开一个五维数组存储状态,但考虑相邻木板颜色不同,于是再加一个维度last,表示我们当前的状态是由上次涂了能够涂last次的状态转移过来,所以可以用组合减掉不合法方案.思路有点抽象,下面来点形象(更抽象)的状态转移方程
$ifleft(a ight)$ $res+=left(a-left(last==2 ight) ight)*dfsleft(a-1,b,c,d,e,1 ight);$
$ifleft(b ight)$ $res+=left(b-left(last==3 ight) ight)*dfsleft(a+1,b-1,c,d,e,2 ight);$
$ifleft(c ight)$ $res+=left(c-left(last==4 ight) ight)*dfsleft(a,b+1,c-1,d,e,3 ight);$
$ifleft(d ight)$ $res+=left(d-left(last==5 ight) ight)*dfsleft(a,b,c+1,d-1,e,4 ight);$
$ifleft(e ight)$ $res+=e*dfsleft(a,b,c,d+1,e-1,5 ight);$
其中$k-left(last==x ight)$表示上一次转移的时候若用了剩余x种的颜料,那现在就得减掉1(即那种用掉的)
code:
#include<iostream> #include<cstdio> #include<cstdlib> #include<cmath> #include<cstring> #include<algorithm> #include<queue> #define mod 1000000007 #define R register #define next exnt #define debug puts("mlg") using namespace std; typedef long long ll; typedef long double ld; typedef unsigned long long ull; inline ll read(); inline void write(ll x); inline void writesp(ll x); inline void writeln(ll x); ll k; ll f[16][16][16][16][16][6]; ll num[16]; ll ans; inline ll dfs(ll a,ll b,ll c,ll d,ll e,ll last){ if(f[a][b][c][d][e][last]!=-1) return f[a][b][c][d][e][last]; if(a+b+c+d+e==0)return 1; ll res=0; if(a) res+=(a-(last==2))*dfs(a-1,b,c,d,e,1); if(b) res+=(b-(last==3))*dfs(a+1,b-1,c,d,e,2); if(c) res+=(c-(last==4))*dfs(a,b+1,c-1,d,e,3); if(d) res+=(d-(last==5))*dfs(a,b,c+1,d-1,e,4); if(e) res+=e*dfs(a,b,c,d+1,e-1,5); return f[a][b][c][d][e][last]=res%mod; } int main(){ k=read(); for(R ll i=1;i<=k;i++){ ++num[read()]; } memset(f,-1,sizeof f); writeln(dfs(num[1],num[2],num[3],num[4],num[5],0)); } inline ll read(){ ll x=0,t=1;char ch=getchar(); while(ch<'0'||ch>'9'){ if(ch=='-') t=-1; ch=getchar(); } while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){ x=x*10+ch-'0'; ch=getchar(); } return x*t; } inline void write(ll x){ if(x<0){putchar('-');x=-x;} if(x<=9){putchar(x+'0');return;} write(x/10);putchar(x%10+'0'); } inline void writesp(ll x){ write(x);putchar(' '); } inline void writeln(ll x){ write(x);putchar(' '); }