1 characterize 使具有特点v eg. This election campaign has been characterized by violence.暴力行为已成为这次竞选活动的一大特点。
eg. A bold use of colour characterizes the bedroom.这间卧室的特点是用色大胆。
描述，描绘v eg. Both companies have characterized the relationship as friendly.两家公司都认为彼此之间关系友好。
2 commit to 把...托付给 eg. I commit this evil book to the flames.我把这本坏书付之一炬
对...作出承诺，致力于 eg. I have committed myself to the club tonight.我已经答应今晚去俱乐部
3 in any case不管怎样 in general一般而言，总的来说
4 persist 继续存在v eg. Contact your doctor if the cough persists.如果还是咳嗽就去看医生。
顽强坚持v eg. He urged the United States to persist with its efforts to bring about peace.他敦促美国继续进行和平斡旋。
5 disadvantaged 贫穷的，社会地位低下的 take advantage of利用
6 immoral不道德的,邪恶的 eg. It is my belief that nuclear weapons are immoral.我相信核武器是邪恶的
7 shiftless 懒惰的，无能的，不思上进的adj eg. He lives in a shiftless way.他过着得过且过的日子。
8 worthy 值得...的，应该获得的 eg. I did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖. eg. I hope he was worthy of her.我希望他配得上她。
值得尊重的，可敬的 eg. They thought the feminist label was too worthy.他们觉得女权主义者这个称谓太抬举她们了。
9 retrain 再培训v eg. Union leaders have called upon the government to help retrain workers.工会领导人已经呼吁政府帮助对工人进行再培训。
10 exclusively 专有地，完全地adj eg. Instruction in these subjects in undergraduate classes is almost exclusively by lecture.本科生的这几门课程几乎完全是通过讲座教授的
11 think ahead 考虑将来，想的长远 a year from now 一年之后
12 observation 观察，观察力，评论 eg.She has good powers of observation.她的观察力很敏锐。
13 skyrocket猛涨v eg. Production has dropped while prices and unemployment have skyrocketed.物价和失业率猛涨的同时，生产却下降了
14 heartbreak 心碎，极度伤心n eg. suffering and heartbreak for those who close to the victims那些受害者亲人的痛苦和伤心
15 misery 痛苦，贫穷n eg. A tiny,educated elite profited from the misery of their two million fellow countrymen一小撮受过良好教育的精英分子从他们200万同胞的贫苦生活中获取利益。
爱抱怨的人n I’m not such a misery now.我现在已经不喜欢抱怨了
16 dramatic 急剧的 eg. A fifth year of drought is expected to have dramatic effects on California economy.第五年遭受旱灾预计会对加利福尼亚的经济产生巨大的影响。
引人注目的；戏剧的
17 fancy 想要，想象，喜欢，以为v eg. She fancied he was trying to hide a smile.她猜想他正在尽力掩饰笑容。
eg. What do you fancy doing,anyway?你到底想干什么？
设想，想象力，喜好n eg. The King took a fancy to ordering disguises and masks.国王迷上了订购化装用品和面具。
昂贵的，奇特的adj eg. It was packaged in a fancy plastic case with attractive graphics.它装在一个别致的有漂亮图纹的塑料盒子里。
18 comparative 相对的 adj eg. The task was accomplished with camparative ease.相对而言，任务完成得比较轻松
比较的 eg. A comparative study of the dietary practices of people from various regions of India.对印度各地区的人饮食习惯的比较研究
19 gadget 小器具，小玩意n eg. The latest gadget for the technology obsessed; pocket-sized computers that you write on with a pen.面向科技发烧友的最新玩意儿：可在上面用笔书写的袖珍电脑
20 other times其他时候 eg. Consultations can be arranged at other times by appointment.磋商可以通过预约安排在其他时间.
21 fluctuation 波动n eg. The calculations do not take into account any fluctuation in the share price.这些计算没有考虑到股价的波动。
22 misrepresent 歪曲v eg. He said that the press had misrepresented him as arrogant and bullying.他说新闻媒体把他歪曲成了一个傲慢而又霸道的人。
23 humanity 人类,人文学科n eg. They have extended the potential life span of humanity everywhere.世界各地人类的预期寿命均有所延长。
人性，博爱n eg. For him, the place is fairly boiling with humanity.对他来说，这个地方充满了人情味。
24 cause 事业，原因n eg.We admire her dedication to the cause of humanity.我们敬佩她对人类事业的献身精神。
25 gumption机智，勇气n eg. He suspected that deep down, she admired him for having the gumption to disagree with her.他认为，在内心深处她十分佩服他有勇气和她唱反调。
26 betterment 改良，提高n eg.His research is for the betterment of mankind.他的研究是为全人类造福。
27 sustenance 食物，营养，生计 eg.The state provided a basic quantity of food for daily sustenance, but little else.国家提供基本的日常食物供应，但除此之外就没什么了。
28 filth 污物，猥琐n eg.The living-room floor was littered with filth and tin cans.客厅地上丢满了脏东西和罐头听。
29 disposable 一次性的 eg.Disposable nappies are fairly straightforward to put on.一次性尿布很容易穿上。
可任意支配的 eg.The nation's disposable earnings in 1987 amounted to £86 billion.1987 年国民可自由支配收入达到了860亿英镑。
30 callous 无情的 eg..his callous disregard for human life.他对人命的漠视
31 dent 凹陷，削弱nv eg.The commission had barely begun to make a dent in the problem.委员会几乎还没有在这个问题上取得任何进展。
32 lift up举起，提起v eg.We'll have to lift up the car to get her out.我们得把车子抬起,才能救她出来.
33 funnel 烟囱n 输送v eg.Its Global Programme on AIDS funnelled money from donors to governments.其全球艾滋病项目把捐款发放给各国政府